interactive methods and asking effective questions Flashcards
Interactive methods advantages
- versatility
- questions answered face when face to face
- can honour oral histories face to face
- can cover a large sample of people with survey
- fun
Interactive methods disadvantages
- hard to design meaningful questions
- must understand how to effectively analyze results
- time intensive
- interviewing requires training and experience
focus group pros
- colects lots of info in a short amount of time
focus group cons
- group think
- methods of capturing all responses
- power differential
interview types
- informal
- semistructured
- standardized
- closed, fized responses
informal
- no predetermined questions
- go with flow
- guided by responded
semistructured
- ensure same general questions for all participants
- there is room for freedom and adaptability
closed, fixed responses
- all participants asked the same questions with defined set of response
- useful wit those less experience interiewing
standardized
- same quesitons asked of all participants
- faster, more easily compared
- open and closed responses
interview pros
- higher response rate (70%)
- can clarify questions and answers
- more personal
interview cons
- time consuming
- resource intensive
interview issues
- participant selection
- skill and experience of interviewer
- capturing all responses (note taking, recording, transcribing)
semistructured interview format
- prepare and read lit before interview - list of target info
- start with broad easy q
- use open ended questions
- practice order and timing
- conseider memorizing questions or rpeparing prompts
- use recording devices but get consent and prepare it beforehand
survey pros
- collects lots of data
- inexpensive
- can offer anonymity for respondents
survey cons
- cant clarify ambiguities
- potential for misinterpretation
- low response rate - need to adapt by surveying large # of people
survey issues
- respondent bias
- respondent dishonesty
- survey and question design
writing effective questiosn
- take care and consideration
- numerous revisions
- get multiple perspectives
- write and rewrite
thigns to consider when writing effective questions
- effect of positive vs negative wording
- context of appropriate wording
- minimizing bias
- avoiding ambiguitiy
- use of acronyms
question types
- open ended
- single response
- categorical
- rating
- ranking
- likert scale
open ended qs
- pro: can hear respondents own words
- con: epople can go on and on
- how confident do you feel about our world leaders’ ability to adress the climate crisis
single response
- information collecting, good for online interfaces
- on average how many days do you check your phone
categorical
- must satisfy 2 criteria: mutually exclusive and exhaustive
- which of the following do you most identify with
rating
- many types of rating scales
- commonly used, easy to understand
- typically have narrow choice distributions
- less differentiation
- how importatna re the following to your education books, lectures, tutorials – circle 1-5 for each of them
ranking
- rank the following in order of importance to you A) high salary B) job satisfaction C) work environment
likert scale
- statement followed by options of level of agreement
- may or may not include neutral option
- ex. indicate your degree of agreement with the following statement: tacos are delicious
how do you feel about the addition of a green roof and solar panel son the SUB and LSC?
- double bareled question - asking too diff things at once, acronyms
- reword: how do you feel about the addition of ag green door ont he sub using an additional auxiliary fee charge to DSU
How often do you recycle?
- too vague
- how often do you put organic waste in the compost bin? A) never B) 1x/week C) 2-3x/week D) 4-7x/week e) more than 8x/week
what is your gender A) female B) male
- not exhaustive, missing categories
- reword: which gender do you most identify with? but dont ask if not needed
how much money do you earn in a year?
- intrusive - offer group ranges instead
- reword: your annual income falls into which of the following categories
your annual amount of household waste falls into which of the following categories A) less than 10lbs B) 10-50lbs C)50-75lbs D) 100lbs or more
- options not mutually exclusive (or exhaustive), hard to estimate - reword: on average, what proportion of your weekly household waste is recycled or composed? A) less than 20% b) 21-50% c) 51-80
notes on survey design
- start with an intro (objectives, promise of anonymity/confideitaily, contact person)
- colelct demographic info but only ask whats needed
- goof format and layout
- order questions properly, avoid small qs, sensitive questions not st start, start and end w easy qs, thank for participating
- be courteous
- know analytical approach before finalizing survey
- pilot survey before sending it out
when surveying, avoid
- shady techniques
- misleading participants about time
- poorly written surveys
consider when surveying
- offering multiple platforms for completion
- ex. paper surveys can also hand out QR slips for those who dont have enough time for paper survey
- if you have email adresses send reminder w survey link
motivation for particiaption
- norm of reciprocity
- incentive - timing and size of rewards
- leverage salience theory (relevance theory)
