Interactions with Physical Environment Flashcards
Main natural and human factors affecting wine quality
plant; climate; soil; management
Plant factors affecting wine quality
high cropping varieties; local varieties; international varieties; single-clone vineyard; polyclonal vineyard; rootstocks
Climatic factors affecting wine quality
temperature; sunlight radiation; rainfall; wind; relative humidity; slope; aspect; elevation; water body influence; distance to forests
Soil factors affecting wine quality
geological origin; soil structure and texture; chemical composition; depth
Management factors affecting wine quality
plant density; training system; winter and summer pruning; crop load; irrigation-fertilization; plant protection; timing and harvest method; winemaking protocols; wine aging (timing and materials)
Climate
combination of all meteorological phenomena characterizing atmosphere of given point on Earth’s surface; generally determined over 30-year interval
Macroclimate
Large areas; ex. North-West Italy
Mesoclimate
local climate; ex. Colli Piacentini
Microclimate
small area, village, single-vineyards until just a vineyard portion
Climatic variables
temperature; sunlight radiation- intensity and hours of sunshine; rainfall; wind; hail; relative humidity
Winkler Index
technique for classifying climate of wine growing regions based on heat summation or growing degree days; based on the hypothesis that grapes do not grow if temperature is under 50 degrees F.
Huglin Index
calculation uses both daily average temperatures and maximum temperatures and slightly modifies calculated total according to latitude; each grape variety needs certain amount of heat in order to be cultivated successfully in given area; temperature sum over temperature threshold of 10 degrees celsius is calculated and then summed for all days from beginning of April to end of September
