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SOCIOLOGY: Crime and deviance > Interactionism and labelling theory > Flashcards

Interactionism and labelling theory Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What makes an act deviant according to labelling theorists?

A

When society reacts to the crime

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2
Q

Moral entrepreneurs

A

Leaders of moral crusades to change the laws

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3
Q

What are two effects of new laws according to Becker?

A

Creating of law breakers
Expansion of social agents

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4
Q

Example of creation and impact of law

A

Victorian moral entrepreneurs lead to laws surrounding Truancy and sexual promiscuity which made more young people deviant

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5
Q

3 factors impacting arrest, charge and conviction

A

Appearance and personality
Interaction with social agent
Circumstance for arrest

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6
Q

What affects police decisions to arrest youths according to Piliavin and Briar?

A

Gender, ethnicity and class with time and location of ‘crime’

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7
Q

Typifications

A

The stereotypes social agents hold about deviants

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8
Q

How do typifications lead to class bias

A

Working class people fit the deviant stereotype

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9
Q

How is bias enforced by probation officers

A

Poverty and broken homes cause crime, so probation officers patrol working class areas.

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10
Q

Why is justice negotiated for middle class people?

A

They fit the typifications less and parents can negotiate based on monitoring and changing their deviant child’s behaviour

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11
Q

Why should we use OCS as a topic rather than resource

A

They are invalid and at face-value

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12
Q

Why are OCS socially constructed?

A

Choices on proceeding with conviction are made and are based on the label they attached to the deviant

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13
Q

What do statistics tell us?

A

Activities of prosecutors and police

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14
Q

Dark figure of crime

A

Crime that goes unreported, unrecognised and undetected; the crime rate doesn’t include this

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15
Q

Two types of statistics sociologists use to study crime

A

Victim surveys and self report surveys

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16
Q

Primary deviance

A

Crime and deviance that goes unreported and non-socially defined

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17
Q

Master status

A

Labelling excludes and stigmatises to become their only source of identity

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18
Q

Self-concept

A

The sense of identity

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19
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

Internalising a label and acting it out

20
Q

Secondary deviance

A

Deviance as a result of societies reaction

21
Q

Deviant career

A

Reaction leads to seeking a label such as a subculture that supports deviance

22
Q

Deviant subculture

A

Subcultures of crime and deviance norms

23
Q

Control culture

A

Norms and values that control behaviour

24
Q

Deviance amplification spiral

A

The idea that reporting deviance leads to deviance increasing

25
Q

Cohens media and ‘folk devil’ study

A

Studied the media exaggerated impact on mods and rockers. Moral entrepreneurs called for a lockdown which social agents prosecuted them. Led to stigmatisation and isolating mods and rockers as ‘Folk devils’ and seeking refuge in deviant subcultures to fulfill a deviant career

26
Q

Folk devils vs Dark figure

A

Folk devils - Overreported
Dark figure - Underreported

27
Q

How have attempts to control and punish offenders had the opposite according to Triplett

A

Considered evil and had harsher punishments which leads to rebellion and higher crime rates such as Truancy

28
Q

Why is labelling theory important to policy?

A

Suggests it pushes more into crime. Creating less laws = less crime

29
Q

Disintegrative shaming

A

Offender and crime excluded

30
Q

Reintegrative shaming

A

Act labelled as evil, offender not

31
Q

Which shaming leads to less crime according to Brainwathe

A

Reintegrative shaming as they can reflect on how bad their crime was and not themselves. It allows less stigma and allows the re-joining of society rather than exclusion.

32
Q

Describe Durkheims study into suicide.

A

Using OS, he studied suicide amongst Catholics and protestants and discovered causes of suicide based on effective society integration and behaviour regulation

33
Q

How does Douglas view OS on suicide?

A

A social construct and only tell us about the activities based on who is constructing reports i.e. Coroners

34
Q

How does death get labelled as suicide?

A

Interactions and negotiations between social actors i.e. Coroners and families

35
Q

What data does Douglas suggest we use?

A

Qualitative data such as suicide notes, family interviews and suicide survivor interviews

36
Q

Statistics of deaths in the UK 2018 vs 2023

A

6,507 suicides in the UK in 2018
115 people take their lives a week in the UK in 2023

37
Q

What does Atkinson focus on relating to suicide?

A

The mode of suicide used
The time, location
Circumstance of death

38
Q

How can Atkinson be evaluated?

A

Interpretative data and has no factual quality to it

39
Q

What do interactionists say about OS?

A

A record of the activities of those who have the power to attach labels

40
Q

Lemert paranoia study; master status

A

Individuals considered odd produce a reaction that labels them as mentally ill. They get sent to mental institutions and paranoid becomes their master status

41
Q

Rosenhan’s study into pseudo patients

A

Researches admitted to hospitals as ‘hearing things.’ They were diagnosed as schizophrenic and treated like this, becoming their master status

42
Q

Goffman asylum study; Mortification and degredation

A

Asylums involve Mortification which is killing your identity and degradation rituals such as confiscation which remove your identity and replace it with ‘the inmate’

43
Q

How did people in the Asylums react to this? Two ways

A

Immediate conformity
Resistance and late conformity

44
Q

Braginski et al manipulation study

A

Inmates manipulated status as being not well enough to be discharged but not sick enough to be kept. They gained free roam

45
Q

Positive contribution of labelling theory?

A

Shows how discriminatory laws can be and how OS/OCs are the recorded activities

46
Q

3 criticisms of labelling theory

A

Deterministic
Assumes deviants aren’t aware that their acts are deviant
Focuses on middle ground social agents rather than those who create laws i.e. Government

SOCIOLOGY: Crime and deviance (9 decks)

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