interactionism

Question 1

interactionist also known as?

Answer 1

• Labelling approach

Question 2

what are the 2 types of deviance according to Lemert?

Answer 2

1. primary
2. Secondary

Question 3

what is primar deviance?

Answer 3

• Deviance that has not been publically labeled as such, no label has been applied by society

Question 4

secondary deviance

Answer 4

A deviant behaviour that results from being labelled as a deviant by society

Question 5

what is the master status

Answer 5

• the main way in which we think of and identify ourselves after accepting our deviant identity

Question 6

what does Townsley and marshall say about the police force

Answer 6

• states they operate using stereotypical assumptions or labels about what is determined as ‘suspicious’ or ‘criminal’

Question 7

what did Holdaway say about racial stereotyping?

Answer 7

• strong evidence suggests racial stereotyping by some police officers takes place when deciding whether to stop black pll + their intereaction with them

Question 8

who is also most likely to be stereotyped as criminal?

Answer 8

• young working class males

Question 9

what did Circourel state about negotiation

Answer 9

• justice is not often not fixed but negotiable

Question 10

what did cicourel study find out about middle- class offenders ?

Answer 10

• found that when middle class youth arested, they were less liely to be charged bc of social background did not fit police’s idea of ‘typical deliquent’ - parents were able to negotiatie + convince on behalf successfully

Question 11

what did cicourel study find about working-class youth?

Answer 11

• whilst working-class youth up for same offence were charged with a criminal offence

Question 12

why is ciciourel critical if the ONS?

Answer 12

• he argues that the stats tell us more about the negotiation of justice according to social class rather than crime + criminality

Question 13

what to labelling theorists focus on in relation to crime?

Answer 13

• mainly focus on the effcts of labelling rather than why ppl commit crime in the first place

Question 14

what does Lemert + Becker say secondary deviance + consequences

Answer 14

• it can have negative consequences in that being caught + publically labelled as a criminal can involve stigamas, shunning + exclusions from normal society

Question 15

why does Becker state the secondary is negative

Answer 15

• the negative label may undermine the self-esteem of the individual

Question 16

what does Becker say these negative labels become?

Answer 16

• negative labels like ‘criminal’, ‘paedophile’, etc overide all statuses in a person’s life
• becoming a ‘master status’ –> used by society to interpret all their future behaviours

Question 17

Crime + self-fufilling prophecy

Answer 17

• prejudice + disrimination may lead to ‘deviant career’
• persone trated as a deviant so produce ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’
• person now see themself as deviant so acts accordingly

Question 18

labelling + subcultures

Answer 18

• labelling increases chances of re-offending
• it isolates the indiv from society by enocurages loved ones to reject them
• consequently seek comfort + status in a ‘subculture’ or others in the same position as them