Interaction in social context : Shared representation of perception and action Flashcards

Brass

1
Q
  1. Outline
A

I. Theoritical background

II. How to measure shared representation of perception and action ?

III. When do we represent other people’s behavior in our motor system?

IV. Being imitated and empathy for pain

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2
Q

I. Theoritical background

A

Classical view : action & perception separated
BUT new perspectives :
Action and perception can overlap and share representations

Why representations ?
Because a intermediary step (representation) is needed to avoid moving when we think about moving.

SO
Perceptual representation of behaviour and motor representation should overlap

Evidence
Neuropsy : mirror neurons (Rizzolati+ 2004)
Cognitive neurosciences : activation of motor related areas by Actions observation - fMRI (calvo-Merino 2005)
Social psychology : chamelon effect (Chartrand+, 1999)
Clinical psychology : imitative behavior - echopraxia (Lehmitte, 1983)

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3
Q

I. Theoritical background : chamelon effect

A

In social situations, we tend to imitate our social interaction partner

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4
Q

I. Theoritical background : Echopraxia

A

Prefrontal patients
Increased motor priming
overt imitatitve behavior

Lehmittte 1983

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5
Q

I. Theoritical background : origins of SRPA

A

Circular reactions Piaget 1962
Bébé qui associe mouvement à sensation, d’abord fasciné par ses mouvements car pas de représentations internes encore.

Ideomotor theory : Greenwald, 1970
Additionnal representation of mouvement that can be blocked : anticipation of what happens when you move your hand

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6
Q

II. How to investigate SRPA : interference paradigme

A

Interference paradigm (Brass & Heyes, 2005)

L’observation d’un mouvement engendre un appel à nos representations motrices internes.

Ces mêmes representations sont également solicitées lors de l’exécution d’un mouvement volontaire ou lors d’une pensée relative à un mouvement

Ainsi, l’observation d’un mouvement incongruent avec un mouvement volontaire souhaité amène une interférence qui peut se révéler dans le mesure de temps de réaction en condtion congruente ou incongruente (action observée identique à action exécutée ou non)

En condition incongruente, il faut bloquer la representation pour activer celle nécessaire à notre mouvement.

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7
Q

II. How to investigate SRPA : imitation-inhibition task

A

Task
Lift index finger when a ‘1’ appears
Lift the middle finger when a ‘2’ appears

Conditions
congruent : ‘1’ + picture of a lift index
incongruent : ‘1’ + picture of a middle index
neutral : ‘1’ or ‘2’ with no finger lift picture

RES
TRc < TR neutral < TRi

On peut aussi modifier la compatibilité spatiale (left hand)

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8
Q

II. How to investigate SRPA : TMS

A

En stimulant le cortex moteur, on peut réveler des tendances à l’action (sorte d’amplification)

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9
Q

III. When do we represent other people’s behavior in motor system ?
Impossible movements

A

Motor priming for impossible movements - Longo+ 2008

L’effet d’interférence n’apparait que lorsque les participants ne sont pas conscients de l’impossibilité du mouvement (quand on leur dit)

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10
Q

III. When do we represent other people’s behavior in motor system ?
Automatic imitation of an innapropriate behavior

A

Task
Follow the letter on the picture
M : middle
D : Thumb
Response with related finger on a device (thumb for thumb…)

R
Interference effect smaller in Inappropriate movement

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11
Q

III. When do we represent other people’s behavior in motor system ?
Social context

A

Postive music
Rebellous music

Interference effect for appropriate behavior smaller when Rebellous music

Incongruence entre social context et appropriatness dimiue l’effet

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12
Q

III. When do we represent other people’s behavior in motor system ?
Non biological agents

A

human/robot Press+ 2005
Effet plus important quand on présente des images d’humains

On ne simule pas au meme degré les mouvements d’agent non biologiques

Wooden hand Liepelt-Brass 2010
If we BELIEVE it’s a wooden hand : IE smaller

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13
Q

III. When do we represent other people’s behavior in motor system ?
Specific behavior of the agent

A

Conditions
Real hand / wooden hand
Communicative gesture / Intransitive / Transitive

Task
Extend your left hand when 1 appears
Extend your right hand when 2 appears

Res
Intransitive - Transitive : IE same in 2 conditions
Communicative : IE only for humans

(idem with non contact communicative gesture : 2 doigts en V)

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14
Q

III. When ? : Just intention

A

3 pictures
normal move of finger
micro movements of finger
Atempted Movement of finger (struture en metal bloque les doigts)

Res
IEstd > IEattempt > IEmicro

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15
Q

III. When ? : Do we need a mvt at all ?

A

Chameleon effect
Personne lit une histoire et remue le nez ou ses cheveux qui lui tombent sur le visage
> Participant se touchent le nez ou les cheveux
You don’t need to see but to anticipate an action

Imitation ou juste attention attirée sur le nez ?
Nouvelle expé : personne avec les mains libres, personne avec main occupée, meme principe nez/cheveux
Res : effet moins fort quand mains libres
>> Effet plus important quand on pense que la personne a vraiment besooin de faire un geste mais qu’elle en est dans l’impossibiltié​ : inférence

TMS studies : seule la condtion ou le nez gigote entraine un effet au niveau des Muscluar Evoked Potentials (pas la plume, ni son ombre…)

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16
Q

III. When ? : More than 1 movement

A

Stronger IE when 2 hands

Multiple acting : we can’t represent multiple actions at the same time

17
Q

IV. Being imitated and empathy for pain

A

Being imitated : positive social consequences
increases linking
inducing pro social behavior (helping behavior)

On reconnait et comprend la douleur de quelqu’un en simulant les états physiques de l’autre.

Accorder de la valeur (appraisal), le sentiment d’affiliation, la proximité sociale : facteurs d’empathie

Etude de startle blink effect, EDA, HR montre que :
Etre imité (video de main frappée) entraine une plus grande empathie pour la douleur d’autrui