INTER/INTRA MOLECULAR BONDS Flashcards
How do ionic bonds form with one another?
Ionic bonds form due to electrostatic attraction between anions and cations. (FORM A CRYSTAL LATTICE)
What are the characteristics of M-P and B-P for ionic bonds?
They have very high melting points and boiling points due to their strong intermolecular forces. (2nd strongest bond type)
Do ionic bonds conduct electricity?
Ionic bonds only conduct electricity when dissolved or in aqueous form. This is because when they dissolve the cations and anions are separated, thus the charged ions can conduct electricity.
What are examples of covalent network solids? What is their polarity? + EXCEPTION
Graphite, diamond, Silicon carbide, silicon dioxide (sand)
They are non-polar covalent compounds with a polarity under 0.5
HOWEVER, graphite has LDFS between the layers due to unpaired electrons and thus conducts electricity.
What are the characteristics of M-P and B-P for Covalent Network Structures?
They have extremely high melting points due to having the strongest bond (covalent) and thus being able to withstand very high heat.
They are all bonded together by tetrahedral bonds (intrmolecular making is MUCH harder to break)
Do covalent network structures dissolve?
No covalent structures do not dissolve since there are no significant positive or negative charges that interact with the polarity of water.
Do covalent network structures conduct electricity?
No covalent network structures do not conduct electricity, except for GRAPHITE.
It has a structure where its valence electrons are delocalized between the layers, thus being able to conduct.
How do NON-POLAR COVALENT bonds form with one another?
These bonds are formed between atoms that share electrons and they have a smaller than 0.5 polarity.
What iMF do non-polar covalent bonds have?
Since they are non-polar, the only IMF they have are LDF.
Do non-polar covalent bonds conduct electricity?
No, they do not conduct electricity in any state since there are no charges.
What are the characteristics of M-P and B-P for non-polar covalent bonds?
Due to only having LDF as intermolecular forces, they have very low M-P and B-P.
However, these increase with the size of the molecule. The bigger a molecule is, the more electrons it has; thus, the more polarizable it is and the more energy it would need to break the bond.
Do non-polar covalent compounds dissolve?
Since they are non-polar, they do not dissolve in polar substances, ONLY IN substances with similar IMF, such as other non-polar substances.
What bonds do POLAR COVALENT form with one another?
Atoms with a polarity over 0.5 < x < 1.7 form a bond when they share valence electrons.
Since they are polar they form, LDF, DIP-DIP and H-BONDS (H-NOF)
Do polar covalent bonds conduct electricity?
No they don’t in any state and neither in aqueous state.
HOWEVER, some bases and acids that are polar conduct electricity due to enough H+ and OH- ions that get released, thus conducting electricity.
How are metallic compounds formed?
Metallic compounds have delocalized free-moving electrons in the sea of electrons.
Electrostatic attraction between cations and free-flowing electrons.
What are the characteristics of M-P and B-P for METALIC BONDS?
- Metallic bonds have very high melting points and boiling points due to being the 3rd strongest bond.
-The greater amount of valence electrons and the larger the charge on the metal nucleus is, the stronger the bond, thus the stronger M-P/B-P
Do metallic bonds dissolve?
Metallic bonds do not dissolve since there are no positive or negative charges to attract water, slightly positively charged Hydrogen and slightly negatively charged Oxygen.
Are metallic bonds conductive?
Metallic bonds are very conductive due to the free-flowing electrons.
The polarity between 0 to 0.5
Non polar covalent bond
The polarity between 0.5 and 1.7
Polar covalent bonds
The polarity between 1.7 to 1.9
Ionic bond (however not H-F it is an exception)
Where do LDF exist?
They exist in everything.
Where do dipole-dipole bonds exist?
They only exist in polar covalent bonds
Where do H-bonds exist?
H-bonds only exist within polar covalent molecules with H-NOF and the exception of c when it is bonded to an oxygen
Where do ionic bonds exist?
Ionic bonds
Why are covalent network structures so hard to break?
They are so hard to break because the only bond they have is COVALENT BONDS.
They do not have intermolecular forces, they’re all just bonded by tetrahedral structure
What bonds together polar covalent solids?
H-Bonds, dipole-dipole and LDF
Why are non-polar covalent solids so easy to break?
They are easy to break since they are composed of only LDF’s
What is a substitution alloy?
A substitution alloy is made when large metal atoms are substituted with a large amount of another metal atom in order to gain desirable properties
What is an interstitial alloy?
An interstitial alloy is when a small amount of a different atom is added to a metal.
What bonds are in gases?
In gases, there are NO intermolecular forces between molecules.
What does the state of matter about a substance at room temperature explain?
When a substance is solid at room temperature, it demonstrates it has a very strong IMF.
The weaker they are, the more likely it is to exist as a gas at room temperature.
What does a high melting point suggest?
A high melting point shows that a compound has strong bonds between the smallest units of a certain compound
What does a low melting point suggest?
A low M-P suggest weak bonds between the smallest units of that compound.
What does a low boiling point mean?
A low boiling point would suggest weak IMF, however, you need to look at the size of the solid/molecule because the bigger it is- the more polarizable- the harder it is to boil
(WHEN LOOKING AT BP LOOK AT OVERALL IMF)
High boiling points would also suggest a very strong IMF; thus, a lot of energy is needed to break part of the bonds.
Which type of solid is the hardest to boil?
Covalent network structures and ionic bonds
