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intensitnal nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Most common ibtenstinal nematode

A

A. lumbircoides

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2
Q

A. lumbircoides most frequent region

A

tropics

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3
Q

Soil tranmsitted helminths

A

A. lumbircoides, Trichuris trichuria, hookworms

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4
Q

STH inbfection pathology

A

tissue reaction, intensitnal iritation, complications

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5
Q

STH diease of poverty contirbutes to

A

malnutrition, imparied cognitive performance, reduce productivity

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6
Q

A. lumbricoides muscle type

A

polymyarian

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7
Q

Worm with smooth striated cuticles, 3 lips, sensory papillae

A

A. lumbricoides

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8
Q

Worm male centrally curved psoterior with 2 spciules, long tortuous tubule

A

A. lumbricoides

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9
Q

WOrm female reporductive organs in posterior 2 thirds

A

A. lumbricoides

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10
Q

Worms reside but do not attach in itnestines

A

A. lumbricoides

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11
Q

A. lumbricoides produces-

A

PI-3 against digestion, pshophorylcholine against lymphocyte proliferation

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12
Q

Infertile eggs longer and narrow than fertile, thin shell, irregular mammliated coating, corticated

A

A. lumbricoides,

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13
Q

A. lumbricoides infertile eggs how common

A

2/5 infections

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14
Q

fertiile eggs gahve outer corasley mammlated albumious covering, could be decorticated

A

A. lumbricoides fertile egg

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15
Q

egg has thick, transparent hyaline shell, thcih outer layer, thin vitelline inner mebrane

A

A. lumbricoides fertile eggs

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16
Q

A. lumbricoides infective stage

A

emnyronated egg

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17
Q

A. lumbricoides larvae travel

A

penetrate intestinal wall->portal vein->liver->hepatic vein->right heart->pulmonary vessels->lungs

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18
Q

A. lumbricoides larvae molting location

A

lungs

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19
Q

A. lumbricoides embyraontaion tim

A

2-3 weeks

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20
Q

A. lumbricoides hepatotrachael migration time

A

14 days

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21
Q

A. lumbricoides diagnostic stage

A

fertilized egg, uinfertilied egg, adult worm

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22
Q

A. lumbricoides larvae how many molts before embryonated

A

2 molts in soil

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23
Q

A. lumbricoides pathology

A

reaction of tissues, irritaion of intesntine, complications due to migration

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24
Q

A. lumbricoides lung complications

A

host sensitization, lung infltration, asthm, pneumonia

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25
Q

A. lumbricoides most frequent complain

A

vague abdominal pain

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26
Q

A. lumbricoides symptoms systematic

A

easinophilia, lactose intolerance, vimtain a malabsoprtion

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27
Q

A. lumbricoides serios complication

A

erratic migration of adult worms; biliary ascariasis, appendiscities, acute peritonitis, intesitnal obstrution

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28
Q

Biliary ascariasis due to

A

invasion through ampulla of Vater, cause severe colicky abdominal pain

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29
Q

A. lumbricoides diagnosis estbalioshed by

A

stool sample, KATO-KATZ technique, DFS, FECT

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30
Q

A. lumbricoides diangostic test useful for communities

A

Kato thick smear, Kato Katz

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31
Q

Techniqie for eggs per gram and inteisnity of helmionth infection

A

Kato-Katz, high sensitiivity than DFS

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32
Q

A. lumbricoides treatment

A

albendazole (400 mg dose, 200 for children 1-2), mebendazole (higher cure rate, 500 mg), pyrantel pamoate (10mg/kg)

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33
Q

A. lumbricoides benzimidazoles moa

A

bind to B-tubulin, disrupt microtuuble polymerization

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34
Q

A. lumbricoides benzmidazoles adverse

A

pegastirc pain ehadahce, diarreha. minimized by taking table aftter meal

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35
Q

A. lumbricoides prevnetive chemotherapy

A

> 20% prevalence = mas drug admiinstration Garantisadong Pamabata targets 85%

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36
Q

A. lumbricoides treatment contraidinications benzimidazoles

A

children elss than 1 year old, pregnant in first trimester

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37
Q

A. lumbricoides epidemi factors

A

high human densitiy, agricultural practices, illtieracy, poor sanitation

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38
Q

A. lumbricoides reinfection when

A

four mojnths post treamtnet, full in 6-7 months

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39
Q

T. trichiuria common name

A

whipworm

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40
Q

T. trichiuria muscle arrangement

A

holomyarian

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41
Q

Female worm blunt posterior end, male coiled psoterior with single scpule and sheeth, anterior attenuated

A

T. trichiuria

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42
Q

Worm egg lemon/football shaped. plug like polar eminance, yellowish outer, tranparent inner

A

T. trichiuria

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43
Q

T. trichiuria eggs compared to Ascaris, are m,ore prone to

A

dessication

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44
Q

T. trichiuria pore forming portein

A

TT47 creates pores, embed their whip like portion

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45
Q

T. trichiuria larval stages how manmy

A

4 larvals tages

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46
Q

T. trichiuria life cycle, unliek AScaris

A

no heart-lung migration

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47
Q

Petehcial hemorrhages, predispose to eamebic dysentery

A

T. trichiuria

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48
Q

T. trichiuria symptomatic at over

A

5000 eggs per gram

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49
Q

Chronic dysentery and rectal prolapse,

A

TTrichuris dysnetery synmdrome

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50
Q

T. trichiuria systemitc symptoms

A

Anemia, bloody diarrhea stools, pain, weight loss

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51
Q

T. trichiuria diagnosis

A

DFS and Kato thick smear

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52
Q

T. trichiuria diagnosis recommended

A

Kato thick smear

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53
Q

T. trichiuria diagnosis more sensitive

A

FLOTAC

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54
Q

T. trichiuria treatment

A

Mebendazole 100 mg twice a day for 3 days (100 2 3)

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55
Q

T. trichiuria traetment contraidincation

A

hypersnesitivity, prengancy in 1st trimester

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56
Q

T. trichiuria symptoms

A

heache, GIT disorder, vomitingm, nausea

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57
Q

T. trichiuria thrives in

A

cecum and colon

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58
Q

T. trichiuria prevention and control

A

Biannual mass drug administration; mebendazole 500 mg, albendazole 400 mg

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59
Q

Hookworm species

A

NEcator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale

60
Q

Blood sucking nematodes

A

Hookworms

61
Q

Hookworm muscle arrangemenbt

A

meromyarian

62
Q

Worm small cylindrical, grayish white. Male posterior end has caudal bursa with rib like rays. Buccal capsule ventral pair of cutting plates, Head curves opposite from body, hook at anterior end

A

N americanus

63
Q

Worm head continues same dieratvcion as curvature of body, buccal capsule has two pairs of verttrnal teeth

A

A duodenale

64
Q

Hookworm rhabdi larvae more attenuated poosteriorly, longer buccal caivty. smaller genital primoridum than _

A

S. setrcoralis

65
Q

Fialriform larvae buccal spears conscipuous and parallel

A

N americanus

66
Q

Filariform larvae buccal spears inconspicuous

A

A duodenale

67
Q

Eggs blunty roudned ends, single thin transparent hyaline shell, segmented at ovipositioj, 2-8 stage division

A

Hookworm eggs

68
Q

Hookworm infective stage

A

Nonfeeding filarifirom larvae (L3)

69
Q

Hookworm travel

A

Skin->venules->heart->lungs->alveoli

70
Q

Hookworm pathology

A

skin at site of entry, lung migration, small intenstine

71
Q

Maculopapular lesion/localized erythema (ground itch, dew itch)

A

hookworm at site of entry symtoms

72
Q

Hookworm lung migration symptoms

A

brongitis or pneumonitis, hemorrhages and eosinophilic leukocytic infiltration

73
Q

Hookworkm intestine symtpooms

A

abdominla pain, seatorrhea, easinphilia

74
Q

hookworm species greater blood loss

A

A duodenale

75
Q

progressive, secondary, microcytic, hypochomric anemia; hjypoalbuminemia

A

Chronic hookworm disease

76
Q

Hookworm immune response

A

Easinophils, mast cells, Th2 cells, polyvalent IgE

77
Q

Hookworm diagnosis depends on

A

identification of aprsaites in stool

78
Q

Hookworm diagnosis tests

A

DFS, Kato thick/Kato Katz, FLEC/zinc, FLOTAC (higher sensitivivty), Harada-Mori

79
Q

Hookworm treatment drug of choice

A

Albendazole 400 mg singel dose, drugs for anemia

80
Q

Hookworm treatment moa

A

Block uptake of glucose by the nematodes

81
Q

Hookwomkr treatment adverse effects

A

headache diarrhea epigastric pain

82
Q

Hookworm prevalent i PH

A

N americanus 97%

83
Q

Hookworms factors in transmission

A

enviornment suitability, fecal pollution, contact between soil and skin/mouth

84
Q

Hookworm difference in method

A

N americanus percutaneous; A duodenalue perc. and oral

85
Q

Hookworms zoonotic can cause

A

Creeping ruption (Cutaneous larva migrans)

86
Q

S stercoralis dsintinctive stages

A

Free-living rhabditiform and aprasitic filarifomr stages

87
Q

Worm filariform finely striated, selnder tapering anterior, short conical pointed tail, four indistinct lips

A

S. stercoralis

88
Q

Freeliving rhabiditiform femnale has double-bulbed esphagus

A

S. stercoralis

89
Q

Freeliving rhabiditiform male tail ventrally curved, two cpoulatory spicules, gubernaculum, no caudal alae

A

S. stercoralis

90
Q

Rhabditiform larva longated esophagus, pyrifioprm posterior bulb

A

S. stercoralis

91
Q

infective filariform larva, non feeding, slender, similar to hookworm with distinct left at tip of tail

A

S. stercoralis

92
Q

S. stercoralis worm eggs laid are

A

embryonated already

93
Q

S. stercoralis travel

A

skin->bloodstream->lungs->intenstines

94
Q

S. stercoralis where they depsiot eggs

A

In intesitnal mucosa

95
Q

S. stercoralis diagnostic stage

A

rhabditioform alrva

96
Q

T trichuria infective stage

A

embnyronated eggs

97
Q

T trichuria diagnostic stage

A

unembryoanted egg

98
Q

Hookworm diagnostic stage

A

unembryonated egg

99
Q

S. stercoralis infective stage

A

Filariform L3 stage alrva

100
Q

S. stercoralis stages of acute infection

A

invasion of skin, migration to lungs, penetration of intestinal mucosa by adults

101
Q

ERythema, pruritic elevated hemorrhagic papules

A

S. stercoralis 1st phase

102
Q

Lobar pneumonia and hermoorrhae; mimic bronchitis

A

S. stercoralis 2nd phase

103
Q

S. stercoralis adult worms found where

A

duodnenum, upper jejunum

104
Q

intractable, painless, intermitted diarrhea (Cochin China )

A

S. stercoralis

105
Q

Borborygmi, constiation, intermittend vomitting, emaication, lobar pneumonia, GI bleed, malasorpotion leading to cachexia

A

chronic S. stercoralis

106
Q

S. stercoralis diagnosis symmptom

A

unexplained easinophilia

107
Q

S. stercoralis diganosis most successful

A

Harada Mori culture

108
Q

S. stercoralis Treatment

A

Ivermectin best results fr chronic uncomplication strongyloidiasis

109
Q

S. stercoralis common name

A

Threadworms

110
Q

S. stercoralis factors that affect trnamission

A

poor snaitation and disposal of feces

111
Q

S. stercoralis prevention and control

A

avoid walking barefoot, similar to hookworms

112
Q

Cancer patients, and debilitating diseases hould be clread of this parasite

A

S. stercoralis, may cause dissemanaited S., invades vital organs

113
Q

E vermicularis common name

A

human pinworm

114
Q

E vermicularis infection characterizred by

A

perianal itching

115
Q

E vermicularis muslce arrangememnt

A

meromyarian

116
Q

Most commion helminth in temperate where saintaion is in place

A

E vermicularis

117
Q

Adult worms have cuticular alar expansions at anterior, prominent esophaegael bulb at posterir

A

E. vermicularis

118
Q

Rhabiditioform larvae has esopahgael bulb but no ciuticular expansion

A

E. vermicularis

119
Q

Egg is asymmetrical, one side flattned, one side convex
Outer triple albumin covering, innner lipoidal memrbane, tadpole like embryo

A

E. vermicularis

120
Q

E. vermicularis deposit eggs where

A

perianal skin

121
Q

parasite rarelty produces serious lesions; mild catrarrhal inflammation of intesitnal mucosa

A

E. vermicularis

122
Q

Main symptom is perianal pruritis that may lead to insomnia , poor appeotite, irritabilitym, infection

A

E. vermicularis

123
Q

Familiar/group disease

A

E. vermicularis

124
Q

E. vermicularis diagnosis test

A

Graham’s scotch adhesive tape swap (perianal cellulose tape swab).

125
Q

E. vermicularis eggs found only in _ of infected

A

5%

126
Q

E. vermicularis treatment drug of choice

A

Mebendazole 100 mg, albendazole 400 mg; 2nd pyrantel pamoate 11mg/kg Cure rate 90%

127
Q

Only intestinal nematode infection cannt be controlled through sanitary disposal of feces

A

E. vermicularis

128
Q

E. vermicularis control

A

presonal cleanliness and personal hygeine

129
Q

Causes disaease associated with protein-losing enteropathy, electrolyte imabalnce, intestinal malasborption

A

C philippinensis

130
Q

E vermicuklaris diagnostic stage

A

Unembryonated eggs

131
Q

E vermicularis infective stage

A

embyronated eggs

132
Q

C philippinensis natural hosts

A

fish-eating brids

133
Q

Belong to Trichinelloidea

A

Trichuris, Trichinella, C philippinensis

134
Q

Thin fimalemntous anterior, slightly thicker and shorter psoterior

A

C philippinensis

135
Q

Male has unspined sheath; secretopry cells called stichocytes

A

C philippinensis

136
Q

Entire esophaegal stucture in C philippinensis

A

Stichosome

137
Q

WOrms peanut-shaped with stirated shells and flattned b ipolar plug

A

C philippinensis

138
Q

C philippinensis eggs embyronated where

A

soil or water

139
Q

C philippinensis diagnostic stage

A

unembryonated eggs

140
Q

C philippinensis infective stage

A

9infective larvae

141
Q

Abdomnial pain, borborygmi, diarrghea 8-10 voluminous stools per day, sever protein-losing enterophaty and hypoalbuminemia

A

C philippinensis

142
Q

C philippinensis worm pathogeneisis

A

Worms cause micro ulcers in pethielium and degeneration and mechanicam compression of cells

143
Q

C philippinensis diagnosis

A

DFS or stool concentration, ELISA ihghh specificiity

144
Q

C philippinensis share cross reaction of anitbodies with _

A

T. spiralis, ELISA has 100% spec and sens using T. sprialis antigen

145
Q

C philippinensis treatment

A

electroloyte repleacement and high rptien diet; mebendazole 200 mg wtice for 20 days, or albendazol;e 400 mg

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