intensitnal nematodes Flashcards
Most common ibtenstinal nematode
A. lumbircoides
A. lumbircoides most frequent region
tropics
Soil tranmsitted helminths
A. lumbircoides, Trichuris trichuria, hookworms
STH inbfection pathology
tissue reaction, intensitnal iritation, complications
STH diease of poverty contirbutes to
malnutrition, imparied cognitive performance, reduce productivity
A. lumbricoides muscle type
polymyarian
Worm with smooth striated cuticles, 3 lips, sensory papillae
A. lumbricoides
Worm male centrally curved psoterior with 2 spciules, long tortuous tubule
A. lumbricoides
WOrm female reporductive organs in posterior 2 thirds
A. lumbricoides
Worms reside but do not attach in itnestines
A. lumbricoides
A. lumbricoides produces-
PI-3 against digestion, pshophorylcholine against lymphocyte proliferation
Infertile eggs longer and narrow than fertile, thin shell, irregular mammliated coating, corticated
A. lumbricoides,
A. lumbricoides infertile eggs how common
2/5 infections
fertiile eggs gahve outer corasley mammlated albumious covering, could be decorticated
A. lumbricoides fertile egg
egg has thick, transparent hyaline shell, thcih outer layer, thin vitelline inner mebrane
A. lumbricoides fertile eggs
A. lumbricoides infective stage
emnyronated egg
A. lumbricoides larvae travel
penetrate intestinal wall->portal vein->liver->hepatic vein->right heart->pulmonary vessels->lungs
A. lumbricoides larvae molting location
lungs
A. lumbricoides embyraontaion tim
2-3 weeks
A. lumbricoides hepatotrachael migration time
14 days
A. lumbricoides diagnostic stage
fertilized egg, uinfertilied egg, adult worm
A. lumbricoides larvae how many molts before embryonated
2 molts in soil
A. lumbricoides pathology
reaction of tissues, irritaion of intesntine, complications due to migration
A. lumbricoides lung complications
host sensitization, lung infltration, asthm, pneumonia
A. lumbricoides most frequent complain
vague abdominal pain
A. lumbricoides symptoms systematic
easinophilia, lactose intolerance, vimtain a malabsoprtion
A. lumbricoides serios complication
erratic migration of adult worms; biliary ascariasis, appendiscities, acute peritonitis, intesitnal obstrution
Biliary ascariasis due to
invasion through ampulla of Vater, cause severe colicky abdominal pain
A. lumbricoides diagnosis estbalioshed by
stool sample, KATO-KATZ technique, DFS, FECT
A. lumbricoides diangostic test useful for communities
Kato thick smear, Kato Katz
Techniqie for eggs per gram and inteisnity of helmionth infection
Kato-Katz, high sensitiivity than DFS
A. lumbricoides treatment
albendazole (400 mg dose, 200 for children 1-2), mebendazole (higher cure rate, 500 mg), pyrantel pamoate (10mg/kg)
A. lumbricoides benzimidazoles moa
bind to B-tubulin, disrupt microtuuble polymerization
A. lumbricoides benzmidazoles adverse
pegastirc pain ehadahce, diarreha. minimized by taking table aftter meal
A. lumbricoides prevnetive chemotherapy
> 20% prevalence = mas drug admiinstration Garantisadong Pamabata targets 85%
A. lumbricoides treatment contraidinications benzimidazoles
children elss than 1 year old, pregnant in first trimester
A. lumbricoides epidemi factors
high human densitiy, agricultural practices, illtieracy, poor sanitation
A. lumbricoides reinfection when
four mojnths post treamtnet, full in 6-7 months
T. trichiuria common name
whipworm
T. trichiuria muscle arrangement
holomyarian
Female worm blunt posterior end, male coiled psoterior with single scpule and sheeth, anterior attenuated
T. trichiuria
Worm egg lemon/football shaped. plug like polar eminance, yellowish outer, tranparent inner
T. trichiuria
T. trichiuria eggs compared to Ascaris, are m,ore prone to
dessication
T. trichiuria pore forming portein
TT47 creates pores, embed their whip like portion
T. trichiuria larval stages how manmy
4 larvals tages
T. trichiuria life cycle, unliek AScaris
no heart-lung migration
Petehcial hemorrhages, predispose to eamebic dysentery
T. trichiuria
T. trichiuria symptomatic at over
5000 eggs per gram
Chronic dysentery and rectal prolapse,
TTrichuris dysnetery synmdrome
T. trichiuria systemitc symptoms
Anemia, bloody diarrhea stools, pain, weight loss
T. trichiuria diagnosis
DFS and Kato thick smear
T. trichiuria diagnosis recommended
Kato thick smear
T. trichiuria diagnosis more sensitive
FLOTAC
T. trichiuria treatment
Mebendazole 100 mg twice a day for 3 days (100 2 3)
T. trichiuria traetment contraidincation
hypersnesitivity, prengancy in 1st trimester
T. trichiuria symptoms
heache, GIT disorder, vomitingm, nausea
T. trichiuria thrives in
cecum and colon
T. trichiuria prevention and control
Biannual mass drug administration; mebendazole 500 mg, albendazole 400 mg
Hookworm species
NEcator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale
Blood sucking nematodes
Hookworms
Hookworm muscle arrangemenbt
meromyarian
Worm small cylindrical, grayish white. Male posterior end has caudal bursa with rib like rays. Buccal capsule ventral pair of cutting plates, Head curves opposite from body, hook at anterior end
N americanus
Worm head continues same dieratvcion as curvature of body, buccal capsule has two pairs of verttrnal teeth
A duodenale
Hookworm rhabdi larvae more attenuated poosteriorly, longer buccal caivty. smaller genital primoridum than _
S. setrcoralis
Fialriform larvae buccal spears conscipuous and parallel
N americanus
Filariform larvae buccal spears inconspicuous
A duodenale
Eggs blunty roudned ends, single thin transparent hyaline shell, segmented at ovipositioj, 2-8 stage division
Hookworm eggs
Hookworm infective stage
Nonfeeding filarifirom larvae (L3)
Hookworm travel
Skin->venules->heart->lungs->alveoli
Hookworm pathology
skin at site of entry, lung migration, small intenstine
Maculopapular lesion/localized erythema (ground itch, dew itch)
hookworm at site of entry symtoms
Hookworm lung migration symptoms
brongitis or pneumonitis, hemorrhages and eosinophilic leukocytic infiltration
Hookworkm intestine symtpooms
abdominla pain, seatorrhea, easinphilia
hookworm species greater blood loss
A duodenale
progressive, secondary, microcytic, hypochomric anemia; hjypoalbuminemia
Chronic hookworm disease
Hookworm immune response
Easinophils, mast cells, Th2 cells, polyvalent IgE
Hookworm diagnosis depends on
identification of aprsaites in stool
Hookworm diagnosis tests
DFS, Kato thick/Kato Katz, FLEC/zinc, FLOTAC (higher sensitivivty), Harada-Mori
Hookworm treatment drug of choice
Albendazole 400 mg singel dose, drugs for anemia
Hookworm treatment moa
Block uptake of glucose by the nematodes
Hookwomkr treatment adverse effects
headache diarrhea epigastric pain
Hookworm prevalent i PH
N americanus 97%
Hookworms factors in transmission
enviornment suitability, fecal pollution, contact between soil and skin/mouth
Hookworm difference in method
N americanus percutaneous; A duodenalue perc. and oral
Hookworms zoonotic can cause
Creeping ruption (Cutaneous larva migrans)
S stercoralis dsintinctive stages
Free-living rhabditiform and aprasitic filarifomr stages
Worm filariform finely striated, selnder tapering anterior, short conical pointed tail, four indistinct lips
S. stercoralis
Freeliving rhabiditiform femnale has double-bulbed esphagus
S. stercoralis
Freeliving rhabiditiform male tail ventrally curved, two cpoulatory spicules, gubernaculum, no caudal alae
S. stercoralis
Rhabditiform larva longated esophagus, pyrifioprm posterior bulb
S. stercoralis
infective filariform larva, non feeding, slender, similar to hookworm with distinct left at tip of tail
S. stercoralis
S. stercoralis worm eggs laid are
embryonated already
S. stercoralis travel
skin->bloodstream->lungs->intenstines
S. stercoralis where they depsiot eggs
In intesitnal mucosa
S. stercoralis diagnostic stage
rhabditioform alrva
T trichuria infective stage
embnyronated eggs
T trichuria diagnostic stage
unembryoanted egg
Hookworm diagnostic stage
unembryonated egg
S. stercoralis infective stage
Filariform L3 stage alrva
S. stercoralis stages of acute infection
invasion of skin, migration to lungs, penetration of intestinal mucosa by adults
ERythema, pruritic elevated hemorrhagic papules
S. stercoralis 1st phase
Lobar pneumonia and hermoorrhae; mimic bronchitis
S. stercoralis 2nd phase
S. stercoralis adult worms found where
duodnenum, upper jejunum
intractable, painless, intermitted diarrhea (Cochin China )
S. stercoralis
Borborygmi, constiation, intermittend vomitting, emaication, lobar pneumonia, GI bleed, malasorpotion leading to cachexia
chronic S. stercoralis
S. stercoralis diagnosis symmptom
unexplained easinophilia
S. stercoralis diganosis most successful
Harada Mori culture
S. stercoralis Treatment
Ivermectin best results fr chronic uncomplication strongyloidiasis
S. stercoralis common name
Threadworms
S. stercoralis factors that affect trnamission
poor snaitation and disposal of feces
S. stercoralis prevention and control
avoid walking barefoot, similar to hookworms
Cancer patients, and debilitating diseases hould be clread of this parasite
S. stercoralis, may cause dissemanaited S., invades vital organs
E vermicularis common name
human pinworm
E vermicularis infection characterizred by
perianal itching
E vermicularis muslce arrangememnt
meromyarian
Most commion helminth in temperate where saintaion is in place
E vermicularis
Adult worms have cuticular alar expansions at anterior, prominent esophaegael bulb at posterir
E. vermicularis
Rhabiditioform larvae has esopahgael bulb but no ciuticular expansion
E. vermicularis
Egg is asymmetrical, one side flattned, one side convex
Outer triple albumin covering, innner lipoidal memrbane, tadpole like embryo
E. vermicularis
E. vermicularis deposit eggs where
perianal skin
parasite rarelty produces serious lesions; mild catrarrhal inflammation of intesitnal mucosa
E. vermicularis
Main symptom is perianal pruritis that may lead to insomnia , poor appeotite, irritabilitym, infection
E. vermicularis
Familiar/group disease
E. vermicularis
E. vermicularis diagnosis test
Graham’s scotch adhesive tape swap (perianal cellulose tape swab).
E. vermicularis eggs found only in _ of infected
5%
E. vermicularis treatment drug of choice
Mebendazole 100 mg, albendazole 400 mg; 2nd pyrantel pamoate 11mg/kg Cure rate 90%
Only intestinal nematode infection cannt be controlled through sanitary disposal of feces
E. vermicularis
E. vermicularis control
presonal cleanliness and personal hygeine
Causes disaease associated with protein-losing enteropathy, electrolyte imabalnce, intestinal malasborption
C philippinensis
E vermicuklaris diagnostic stage
Unembryonated eggs
E vermicularis infective stage
embyronated eggs
C philippinensis natural hosts
fish-eating brids
Belong to Trichinelloidea
Trichuris, Trichinella, C philippinensis
Thin fimalemntous anterior, slightly thicker and shorter psoterior
C philippinensis
Male has unspined sheath; secretopry cells called stichocytes
C philippinensis
Entire esophaegal stucture in C philippinensis
Stichosome
WOrms peanut-shaped with stirated shells and flattned b ipolar plug
C philippinensis
C philippinensis eggs embyronated where
soil or water
C philippinensis diagnostic stage
unembryonated eggs
C philippinensis infective stage
9infective larvae
Abdomnial pain, borborygmi, diarrghea 8-10 voluminous stools per day, sever protein-losing enterophaty and hypoalbuminemia
C philippinensis
C philippinensis worm pathogeneisis
Worms cause micro ulcers in pethielium and degeneration and mechanicam compression of cells
C philippinensis diagnosis
DFS or stool concentration, ELISA ihghh specificiity
C philippinensis share cross reaction of anitbodies with _
T. spiralis, ELISA has 100% spec and sens using T. sprialis antigen
C philippinensis treatment
electroloyte repleacement and high rptien diet; mebendazole 200 mg wtice for 20 days, or albendazol;e 400 mg