Intelligence Lecture 3 Flashcards
Are there issues with IQ tests cross-culturally?
the value/purpose of testing itself
has a cultural background to it
debate over whether it is *
possible to fully remove culture/
bias from these tests
trying to eliminate the need for facts of specific
cultural knowledge
eliminate need for language
create a test that can be used cross-culturally
Explain the history of IQ tests being used and developed for Eugenics.
- History of IQ tests being used and
developed for eugenics - ”The science of improving stock”
(Galton) → the idea that heritable
human characteristics should be
controlled, through breeding, to
improve the human species
(encouraging breeding
in certain types of ppl
dependent on who *
was considered
“healthy seed”
such as white ppl )
- IQ tests used to sort, stratify
(ex. US military given IQ
tests to determine if youd be
an officer or on the front
lines.)
- IQ tests used for policies on forced
sterilization, restrictions on marriage,
etc.
(if ppl had a low IQ they would be sterilized, forced to not have children
leilani example. she got IQ of 64 and it got taken to the eugenics board and *
they removed her philopian tubes without her consent)
primarily racialized and lower socio-
economic ppl were forcibly sterilized
How do you interpret group differences in IQ scores?
Interpreting group
differences in IQ scores
* Gender spatial abilities
* Race
* Have been interpreted in
terms of “genetic advantage”
for higher-scoring groups
boys/men do better on mental
rotation tasks
this difference doesnt seem to *
show up until about age 6/7
maybe correlated to how boys *
are socialized
What is wrong about IQ tests and race?
On average, white individuals are scoring higher on IQ tests (about 10 point diff)
ppl think there’s something inherent that *
makes diff races score worse/better
this is not true. race is socially (not genetically)
constructed.
What might explain differences in groups in IQ scores?
social class diff
income matters for IQ. *
access to health care and
money matters
culturally biased tests
*
EX RIGATTA from last class. *
need specific knowledge
stereotype treat *
see bleow
What is stereotype threat?
We belong to social
groups associated with
stereotypes related to
intelligence…
Our awareness of
these stereotypes can
impact our thoughts
and performance
A psychological
burden caused by
the concern that
one’s performance
or behavior might
confirm a negative
stereotype about
one’s group.
awareness of stereotype is reducing
our cognitive resources. our minds
are split between managing
emotions/stress, thinking about our
performance
What is the flow chart on stereotype threat?
Awareness of negative
beliefs about own group ->
- stress response
- Negative
thoughts/
emotions which lead to
self- regulation - Monitoring of
performance
All of this ->
Impaired performance (your mind and body are having to spend time regulating
emotions when you’re supposed to be doing these tests)
What is an example of stereotype threat from Ambady et al., 2001?
tested asian american girls on a math test.
2 conflicted stereotypes with math (asian=good, girl=bad)
split into 2 groups. one group primed with asian identity, other
group primed their “girl” identity.
when primed about their asian identity they do better, when *
primed about their female identity they do worse.
in upper elementary girls feel a lot fo pride in their gender, so *
they do better. but then middle school its back to the negative
stereotype
Explain the Picho & Schmader 2018 study
- Picho & Schmader (2018): When do
Gender Stereotypes Impair Math
Performance? A Study of Stereotype
Threat among Ugandan
Adolescence - Extending research on stereotype treat
beyond WEIRD populations - Examine how expectations of others
holding gender stereotypes and own
endorsement of gender stereotypes
contribute to stereotype threat
(ex. thinking when you go to take a test your prof beleives you’ll
do bad bc you’re a girl. then endorsement is thinking you’ll
actually do bad bc of your stereotype)
Note: 94% of papers about stereotype threat come
from 4 countries
they looked beyond western/europian *
samples
look in Uganda because they seem to have *
less pronounced gender stereotypes
What is the flow chart on the Picho and Schmader 2018 study on stereotype threat?
Ugandan teens
math pretest:
Control condition
(This test is not
diagnostic of any
particular abilities…)
Experimental condition
(This test has
consistently shown
there to be
differences between
boys and girls…)
(priming them with the idea that gender might
matter)
then, Math
Achievement
Test
Explain the presentation of stereotype threat in Pino and Schmader et al 2018
- Picho & Schmader (2018).
- Stereotype threat present only when
participants expected that the test-
giver held gendered expectations - Perhaps differences in how stereotype
threat impacts us across age/culture
are due to when and whether we
become aware of stereotypes…
their own endorsements did not seem to make a difference.
people only perform differently according to stereotype when they
*expect other people believe these stereotypes
stereotype threat are beginning to occur when we enter an age
*where we’re aware of stereotypes
(when they believe the other person
holds a stereotype of boys doing
better, boys did better)
(when they believe the other
person holds a stereotype of
girls doing better, girls did
better)
What are the 2 intelligence mindsets/theories?
What do these mindsets predict?
- fixed mindset (entity theory)
(intelligence and talent are fixed at birth) - growth mindset (incremental theory)
(intelligence and talent can go up or down) - Predicts response to
challenges, failure - Associated with
academic outcomes - Growth mindset taught
through intervention ->
linked with better
academic performance
Explain the video we watched on mindsets
we watched a video where children were praised either *
based on their intelligence or on their effort
kids praised based on intelligence want to go back to the *
easier puzzles (fixed mindset)
growth mindest - kids praised for effort wanted to work *
on the harder puzzles to get better
do all studies finding growth mindset find that it is linked with better performance.
Not all studies finding growth
mindset linked with better
performance…
