Intelligence and Memory Flashcards
Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of info.
Encoding
The processing of info into the memory system - for example, by extracting meaning.
Retrieval
The process of getting info out of memory storage
Parallel Processing
The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously. the brain’s natural mode of info processing for many functions. Contrasts with the step by step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.
Sensory Memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system.
Short-Term Memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly. such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the info is stored or forgotten.
Long Term Memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
Working Memory
a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial info, and of info retrieved from long-term memory.
Explicit Memory
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”
Effortful Processing
Encoding that require attention and conscious effort
Automatic Processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental info, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well learned info, such as word meanings.
Implicit Memory
Retention independent of conscious recollection
Iconic Memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
Echoic Memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere. Sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.
Chunking
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
