AP Psychology Important People Flashcards
Study important people relevant to Psychology during the AP course
1
Q
Albert Bandura
A
-Bobo Doll study: Kids learned to imitate aggression after observing parents
-Social Learning Theory: People learn through imitation, observing and modeling the behaviors
of others.
2
Q
Alfred Binet
A
A French psychologist that came up with the first widely used Intelligence test. Use the IQ formula MA/CA*100 =IQ
3
Q
Paul Broca
A
- Physician that reported after damage to specific area of the left frontal lobe known as Broca’s area.
- A person would have trouble forming words but still able to sing familiar songs and comprehend speech.
4
Q
Naom Chomsky
A
- One of the fathers of modern linguistics.
-His view was different from B.F. Skinners because he thought that certain aspects of linguistic knowledge were innate.
5
Q
Hermann Ebbinghaus
A
- Famous for creating the forgetting curve.
- States that we forget the most information within the first 20 mins, then an hour, then a day.
- The forgetting curve is exponential, just like the learning curve
6
Q
Paul Ekman
A
- Studied facial expressions and how they reflected emotions
- He believed there were six basic emotions that were universal and expressed in the same way in many culture
- Anger
- Disgust
- Fear
- Happiness
- Sadness
-Surprise
7
Q
Erik Erikson
A
- A neo-Freudian
- Eight stages of psycho-social development
- Each stage includes a crisis that could go one of two ways.
Ex. Trust vs Mistrust in Babies, Identity vs Role confusion in adolescents
8
Q
Sigmund Freud
A
- Often known as the father of modern psychology and psychoanalysis
- Believes that the unconscious determines everything we do
- Theory include the ideas of the stages of psycho-sexual development (oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital)
- Three parts of the mind- the id, ego and superego.
- Believed that dreams, free association, and hypnosis could reveal the unconscious mind.
9
Q
Howard Gardner
A
- Created the theory of multiple intelligences that opposed Spearman’s idea of one general intelligence.
- Eight “smarts”
> Language smarts
> Logic smarts
> Music smarts
> Spatial smarts
> Kinesthetic smarts
> Intrapersonal smarts
> Interpersonal smarts
> Nature smarts
10
Q
Francis Galton
A
- Nature vs Nurture
- Studied genetics and how they affected people’s individualism
- Nature: How a person acts because of their genetics
- Nurture: How a person acts based on their environment
- Believed nature is the most important in the debate
11
Q
Daniel Goleman
A
- Famous for his work with Emotional Intelligence
- EQ is how well you handle your feelings and how well you get along with others.
- Believed with others, that EQ may be more indicative to a person’s success in life than academic IQ
12
Q
Harry Harlow
A
- Raised monkeys with two artificial monkeys:
One monkey represented nourishment and the other comfort - Discovered monkeys would feed from harsh mom with the food, but quickly return to soft cloth mom for a safe/secure base.
- Humans act similarly, we are social creatures that need contact to thrive.
13
Q
Karen Horney
A
- Named parental indifference the true culprit behind neurosis
- Key to understanding phenomenon is the child’s perception
14
Q
Lawrence Kohlberg
A
- Came up with 3 moral development stages:
Pre-conventional: acted whether they would gain rewards or punishment
Conventional morality: actions that uphold social rules in intent to be liked by others and gain approval
Post-conventional: abstract reasoning for their actions
15
Q
Elizabeth Loftus
A
- Known for her false memory formation and the misinformation effect
- Crash car experiment
- Those who were asked the question with the smashed wording were much more likely to “remember” seeing broken glass in a later question (in reality, no glass had been broken in the accident). They also remembered the car driving faster.
