Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence
The ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems
Spearman’s definition
defined as two primary abilities:
general intelligence =
g-factor
wider ability
specific intelligence =
s-factor
task-specific abilities such as music, business or art
multiple intelligence theory
Howard Gardner
multiple intelligences
original: linguistic logical-mathematical visual-spatial musical kinaesthetic interpersonal intrapersonal
8th and 9th:
Naturalistic
Existential
linguistic intelligence
Analyse and create language-based products
speeches
books
poems
logical-mathematical intelligence
analyse, solve and develop abstract mathematical and scientific problems
visual-spatial intelligence
distinguish between and create small and large-scale images in two or three dimensions
musical intelligence
create, perform and appreciate musical sounds
kinaesthetic intelligence
use one’s body to create products or solve problems
interpersonal intelligence
understand other peoples moods, desires and intentions
interact effectively with people
intrapersonal intelligence
understand one’s own moods, desires and intentions
manage and regulate oneself effectively
naturalistic intelligence
distinguish amongst different plants, animals and other natural phenomena
weather
rock formation
existential intelligence
reflect on questions about life, death, love and existence
religion
philosophy
ethics
Binet’s mental ability test
Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon
created a test that distinguished between fast and slow learners
distiguished children of different age groups
Stanford-Binet and IQ
intelligence quotient
= mental age/chronological age*100
reliability of tests
the test producing consistent results each time if it is given to the same individual or group of individuals
validity of tests
the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to meausure
standardisation
the process of giving the test to a large group of people who represent the kind of people for whom the test is designed
one aspect includes the establishment of consistant and standard methods of test administration
norms
the standards against which all others who take the test will be compared
most intelligence tests follow a normal curve
IQ Tests and cultural biases
people raised in a different culture or different socio-economic background from the designer of the test will be at a disadvantage
intellectual disability
neurodevelopmental disorder
person exhibits deficits in mental abilities
typically associated with an IQ score of 2 standard deviations below the mean
person’s adaptive behaviour is severely below the appropriate level for their age
these limitations must begin in the developmental period
diagnosis of intellectual disabilities
diagnosis is based on deficits in intellectual functioning
determined by standardised tests of intelligence and by clinical assessments which impact on adaptive functioning across 3 domains
conceptual
social
practical
conceptual domain
memory reasoning language reading writing mathematics other academic skills
social domain
empathy
social judgement
interpersonal communication
ability to make and maintain friendships
practical domain
self-management skills personal care job responsibility school money management
external causes of mental disabilities
unhealthy living conditions that could affect brain development lead poisoning prenatal exposure to mercury inadequate brain development associated with poverty: malnutrition health problems resulting from inadequate access to health care foetal alcohol syndrome down syndrome fragile x syndrome lack of oxygen at birth certain infectious diseases drug use by mother injuries during childhood
giftedness (study by Lewis M. Terman
IQ above 130
above average in height, weight and physical attractiveness
more resistant to mental illness
tertiary education
better jobs
financial success
IQ higher than 180 - social adjustment problems as children
Emotional intelligence
the accurate awareness of and ability to manage one’s own emotions (anger, impulsiveness, anxiety) to facilitate thinking and attain specific goals
ability to understand what others feel
