Intelligence

Question 1

Classify the descriptions of Intelligence.

hint - there are three.

Answer 1

Vernon (1960)

• biological
• psychological
• operational

Freeman (1962) emphasised;

• power of adoption
• capacity of learning
• ability for abstract thinking

Question 2

What is intelligence for?

Answer 2

Neisser (1966)

To enable adaption to the environment

Question 3

What is General Intelligence (g)?

Answer 3

Underlying mental abilities that influence an individual’s everyday performance.

Spearman (1864-1945)

• proposed (g) is linked to clusters analysed by Factor Analysis (Cattell)
• essentially IQ, which is analysed through intelligence tests

Question 4

What did Thurstone do to analyse intelligence?

Answer 4

Thurstone’s 7 primary skills of intelligence.

They analysed subjects on 7 mental skills, not on one (g) scale.

Question 5

What did Cattell categorise (g) into?

Answer 5

Crystallised Intelligence

• skills learnt in school
• greatly affected by experience

Fluid Intelligence

• spatial/visual etc
• not affected by experience

Question 6

What is Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

hint: ICE

Answer 6

1) Information Processing Skills
2) Experience (the more a novel problem related to a previous problem, the less it relates to intelligence)
3) Context

Question 7

What is Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory?

hint: there are 7 section

Answer 7

1 - mathematical
2 - spatial 
3 - musical 
4 - bodily kinesthetic
5 - interpersonal
6 - intrapersonal
7 - naturalist

Some aren’t related to General Intelligence
There is no standard assessment for Gardner’s Theory.

Question 8

Compare the Theories.

Answer 8

Spearman’s Theory (g) is the most simple.

Cattell and Thurstone identify the structure of mental abilities in more detail (Crystallised/Fluid intelligence & 7 primary skills)

Sternberg and Gardner emphasise practical abilities. (Triarchy and Multiple Intelligence)