Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IDs > Intelligence > Flashcards

Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 ways in which we might define intelligence

A

1) Intelligent acts e.g. designing a new computer, 2) Mental processes which give rise to intelligent acts e.g. WM & speed of processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Today intelligence is believed by the influential to have 3 components: the ability to…

A

1) reason logically, 2) solve novel problems & 3) learn new info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the problem of circularity in defining intelligence

A

The tendency to define intelligence as the behaviours measured by IQ tests!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we calculate a person’s intelligence quotient?

A

(mental age/chronological age) x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

96% of all Pp fall within __ SDs (30 points) of the mean (100) & 68% of Pp fall within __ SD (15 points) of the mean (100)

A

1, 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most commonly used IQ test? When was it created? What are its two components?

A

Wechsler’s WAIS (WISC for children) test which was constructed before the structure of abilities was investigated but is constantly being updated. Verbal & performance (non-verbal) tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the 5 components of the verbal part of the WAIS. If you only have time for one, which gives you the best indicator of verbal ability?

A

1) information, 2) arithmetic (if 20 men took 2 years to…?), 3) comprehension, 4) similarities (what is similar about…?), 5) vocabulary. Vocabulary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give the 3 non-verbal/performance tests used in the WAIS

A

1) Digit symbol (fill in the correct digit for each symbol from e.g.s = easy = tests speed), 2) Picture completion (what is missing in the picture?) & 3) Block design (create the shown pattern from blocks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is the performance part of the WAIS better?

A

Because performance on it is less likely to be affected by social background or education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the 4 scales used in the current WAIS IV

A

verbal comprehension, working memory, perceptual reasoning & processing speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 3 new WAIS IV example question types

A

1) visual puzzles (which 3 go together to form pattern x?), 2) figure weights (what must be added to balance the weights?), 3) cancellation (draw a line through every red square & yellow triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the 4 areas in which Piaget (1952) believed IQ could be defined

A

1) biological approaches, 2) stage theories, 3) knowledge acquisition & 4) intellectual competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Competence is defined as the highest stage of cognitive development - what is this stage & the 3 preceding stages called? Does age define competence?

A

1) Sensorimotor, 2) Preoperational, 3) Concrete operational & 4) Formal operational. No, the stages do (though the stages are associated with likely age ranges)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 2 aims of the psychometric approach to IQ

A

1) To establish the basic structure of abilities & 2) to understand the biological/ social/ cognitive factors which cause IDs in these abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did 1) Binet & 2) Spearman do in 1904?

A

1) developed a test to identify learning difficulties & 2) used children’s test data to argue for g (general intelligence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If g exists and I find that there is a correlation between performance on parts A & B + C & D of an IQ test, then I would find that…

A

The product of r(ab) & r(cd) would roughly equal the product of r(ac) & r(bd)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the tetrad difference? What does it show?

A

The difference between e.g. the product of r(ab) & r(cd) and the product of r(ac) & r(bd). The larger the tetrad difference, the weaker the evidence for g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A small tetrad difference indicates…

A

a high loading of each test component onto g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thurstone (1941) used a particular FA which…He found __ __ factors which provided evidence for…but argued that g has no…

A

prevented the emergence of a g factor. 7 correlated. g. fundamental significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thurstone’s (1941) factors included…

A

spatial IQ, perceptual speed, numerical IQ, verbal reasoning, memory, word fluency & reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cattell (1966) identified __ inter-correlated factors which did not live on in the literature. However his distinction between…did

A
  1. Gc (crystallised intelligence or knowledge) & Gf (fluid intelligence or info-processing ability)
22
Q

How did Carroll (1993) develop the three-stratum theory of intelligence? How many factors lie at each level of the hierarchy?

A

By 1) FA the raw data, 2) carrying out a 2nd order FA by FA the 1st order data & 3) carrying out a 3rd order FA by FA the 2nd order data. Stratum I: 65 specific abilities, SII: 8 broad factors, SIII: g

23
Q

Carroll’s (1993) 8 factors included…

A

Gf, Gc, visual perception (Gv), auditory perception (Ga), Gs (cognitive speediness) etc

24
Q

Give 4 points of caution re: the use of psychometrics & FA to define IQ

A

1) factors emerge unlabeled & so require names, 2) FA only analyses test data, not what is not tested, 3) g may be an artefact of common, low-level test requirements (Thomson, 1916) & 4) correlated factors remain important

25
Q

Guildford’s (1983) componential theory was developed not by…but on…The theory posited ___ factors which were assumed to be ___

A

FA. Purely theoretical grounds, 150, independent

26
Q

In componential theory factors reflected a taxonomy of 3-way combinations of 3 types of ability:…

A

1) contents (modalities of application), 2) products (abilities to be mastered) & 3) operations (mental processes) = 5 x 6 x 5

27
Q

4 types of skill are included in componential theory:

A

Problem-solving skills, memory operations, decision-making skills & linguistic skills

28
Q

Guildford’s theory is unpopular because it is arbitrary & not supported by FAs. However, one good thing came from it:

A

Testing divergent (as opposed to convergent) thinking as a measure of IQ

29
Q

The information processing approach was advocated by Galton (1883) who believed that intelligence had a ___ basis & was ___

A

biological, inherited

30
Q

Galton measured 3 things which he believed were related to IQ:…

A

1) eminence, 2) sensory perception & most importantly 3) RTs: the speed & accuracy of neural transmission was believed to reflect IQ

31
Q

Whilst Galton (1883) found no evidence for a link between RTs & IQ because of…, Deary (2001) did. There were higher correlations between IQ &…than…. Intelligent people also showed less…

A

Insensitive measures. Choice RTs, simple RTs. Variability in RTs i.e. smaller SDs

32
Q

RTs correlated with IQ a little more strongly for ___ than males

A

females

33
Q

What is a hazard ratio? IQ and choice RTs show ___ hazard ratios of 1.41

A

The proportionate change in mortality risk for every SD change in predictor X at a given age e.g. 1.5 = 50% increase in risk. Similar

34
Q

Sternbery (1985) made 4 points about IQ:…

A

1) it depends on acquired skills & strategies, 2) it is purposeful, goal-directed behaviour, 3) it cannot be understood outside of socio-cultural context & 4) traditional IQ approaches are narrower than lay beliefs

35
Q

What two primary categories of IQ do experts and lay people agree upon?

A

1) verbal ability, 2) problem-solving ability

36
Q

What was Sternberg’s method?

A

To adopt the info processing approach & correlate performance on tasks which tested only one cognitive skill each

37
Q

Name the 3 levels of Sternberg’s triarchic theory?

A

1) componential (info processing & problem solving), contextual (streetwise = what do in a social/cultural environment) & 3) experiential (to acquire skills & make them automatic/ routine)

38
Q

The main criticism of Sternberg’s theory was that…How did Sternberg respond?

A

It was too broad & also measured personality factors e.g. conscientious people would not break rules to discover new solutions. By investigating the r/ship between IQ & personality

39
Q

Define emotional intelligence (EI)

A

The ability to reason accurately about emotions & use emotions & emotional knowledge to enhance thought

40
Q

There ability-based, personality-based & mixed models of EI. Each may use ___ e.g….or ___e.g….measures of intelligence

A

Objective e.g. identify this facial expression or given the story how is person X feeling? Subjective e.g. rate your own intelligence

41
Q

Objective EI measures correlate with X but not Y, whereas subjective EI measures correlate with Y but not X - what are X & Y?

A

X: intelligence, Y: Big Five

42
Q

Name an EI test

A

The MSCEI (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso EI) test

43
Q

Name the 2 approaches to EI

A

1) specific discrete ability approach or 2) integrative model approach (an overarching framework created by combining skills)

44
Q

Coleman (2011) makes strong claims about EI in business. From left to right his model reads…

A

regulation, recognition, self, social

45
Q

Combining these 4 dimensions leads to first ___ (top-left box) which leads to __ & __ which finally both lead to __ (bottom-right box)

A

self-awareness (recognition + self), social awareness (recognition + social), self-management (regulation + self), r/ship management (regulation + social)

46
Q

Give 2 :)s & 1 :( of EI

A

:) EI predicts real world outcomes (job performance & well-being), :) has incremental validity (beyond P & IQ) :( includes personality factors

47
Q

Give 3 future directions for EI

A

Can we fit EI into existing taxnomies of IQ? Can it inform treatment suitability? Can emotional knowledge be taught effectively?

48
Q

Two other exciting developments in IQ are

A

1) dynamic testing & 2) the neural basis of IQ

49
Q

The IQ test which loads most strongly on g is

A

Raven’s progressive matrices

50
Q

What 2 predictions were pitted against each other re: the neural basis of g?

A

That g reflected the amount of PFC activity (executive control) vs. reflected the extent of diversity of neural activation i.e. the average efficiency of a total set of cognitive functions (Thomson, 1916)

51
Q

Using ___ Duncan (2000) found greater ___ activity for high g involvement in comparison to low g involvement control tasks. This was true despite…(spatial, verbal & perceptual-motor tasks)

A

PET. PFC. The diversity of IQ tests administered

IDs (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions