Intelligence Flashcards
Define intelligence
the ability to solve novel problems, adapt to one’s environment, and learn from experience
What is a psychological factor?
an element of psychology that predicts performance in a specialized domain, but not others
what is the Two-Factor Theory?
the theory that intelligence is made up of one general factor and several separate factors that explain aptitude in specialized domains
What is the general intelligence factor? (Two-Factor Theory)
the hypothesized single factor of intelligence that explains aptitude in all domains of knowledge (aka “g”
What are the specific factors of intelligence? (Two-Factor Theory)
the hypothesized separate factors of intelligence that explain aptitude in specialized domains of knowledge on top of g
what is the positive manifold?
the tendency for a person’s performances on a variety of tests to be positively correlated
What is the independent factor theory?
intelligence is many non-overlapping abilities, each unrelated to the others
what is the hybrid theory of intelligence?
intelligence is a group of interrelated factors, with g at the top, various middle-level abilities after, and specific tasks underneath that
what is fluid intelligence? (Gf)
learning new information and solving novel problems
what is crystallized intelligence? (Gc)
applying knowledge learned from experience
what is the triarchic theory of intelligence?
intelligence is made up of creative, analytical, and practical intelligence
what is analytical intelligence?
the ability to identify and define problems and to find strategies for solving them
what is creative intelligence?
the ability to generate solutions that other people do not
what is practical intelligence?
the ability to implement these solutions
what is emotional intelligence?
the ability to reason about emotions and use emotions to enhance reasoning
what is a standardized test?
a test that has a highly controlled and guided administration protocol, and gives a score that shows performance relative to the general population
what is IQ?
the standard unit of intelligence, 100 is the average score and 15 is one standard deviation
what is the WAIS-V?
the most popular modern intelligence test, based on a hybrid model of intelligence
what is a General Ability Index?
measure of a person’s intellectual abilities in the absence of time pressure (more a measure of crystallized intelligence, testing things like verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning)
what is a Cognitive Proficiency Index?
measure’s a person’s intellectual speed and capacity for processing (tests working memory, processing speed, etc.)
what are Raven’s Progressive Matrices?
a non-verbal intelligence test based on matching pictures that follow particular types of rules
what are some major problems with modern intelligence tests?
- education: content of intelligence tests overlaps with school content
- test-taking ability: are we measuring intelligence or test practice
- stereotypes: how well somebody does on a test depends on whether they think they should be doing well or not
- cultural bias: different cultures have different definitions of intelligence
what are individual differences?
differences in a psychological trait across people
what are the causes of individual differences?
genetic variability, environmental variability, and epigenetics