intelligence

Question 1

what does IQ stand for

Answer 1

intelligence quotient

Question 2

what are advantages of non-verbal IQ tests

Answer 2

eliminates issues with language, verbal abilities and cultural differences

Question 3

what did Francis Galton argue

Answer 3

• intelligence is a product of natural selection, thus must be genetically determined
• saw potential in theory of evolution planned human betterment

Question 4

what did binet and simon develop

Answer 4

1st IQ tests to measure student abilities for education purposes

Question 5

what did Lewis Terman and Maud Merrill do

Answer 5

• devised the Stanford-Binet scale
• studied a sample of gifted children throughout their lives
• highly intelligent individuals not weaklings and misfits but healthy and stable

Question 6

what did Lewis Terman also do

Answer 6

• military use to assign soldiers to tasks appropriate for their ability in WW1
• eugenics

Question 7

what did Cyril Burt do

Answer 7

• advised the government to use aptitude tests to determine which children will go to grammar schools
• his research on intelligence seemed to suggest that occupational levels and social class are determined by innate and hereditary levels of intelligence

Question 8

what issues are there with intelligence tests

Answer 8

• cultural bias
• favour groups from more affluent backgrounds and discriminate against less privileged racial, ethnic or social groups

Question 9

what is an example of an intelligence test

Answer 9

raven’s progressive matrices

Question 10

what are examples of more recent IQ tests

Answer 10

• WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children)
• WASI (Wechsler Adult scale for intelligence)

Question 11

what is degree of genetic relatedness

Answer 11

looking at people with various degreed of relatedness can give us an understanding of the genetic basis of a concept

Question 12

what is atheoretical definition of intelligence

Answer 12

intelligence is what IQ tests measure
- no theory of intelligence that will determine what questions should be included in an IQ test
- however IQ tests correlate with each other and other measures

Question 13

what is generalised intelligence

Answer 13

• a single construct that influences all cognitive thinking
• demonstrated through correlations of performance on different tests
• stanford-binet
• raven’s progressive matrices

Question 14

how is intelligence a multiple construct

Answer 14

• fluid intelligence
• crystalised intelligence
• supported by correlations
• both interact
• relatively stable

Question 15

what is fluid intelligence

Answer 15

cognitive functioning component not influenced by environment, fixed throughout lifetime

Question 16

what is crystalised intelligence

Answer 16

stored factual information, benefits from schooling can change throughout life span

Question 17

how do we examine whether intelligence is determined by genes or the environment

Answer 17

• twin studies
• degree of genetic relatedness

Question 18

what did Bouchard and McGue 1981 find

Answer 18

• twin studies
• strong correlation for identical twins reared together and when reared apart

Question 19

what did Elardo et al 1975 find

Answer 19

• interaction between parents and children related to IQ later on?
• found positive interactions with mother correlated with IQ later in life

Question 20

what did Benton and Roberts find about diet and nutrition

Answer 20

• 6 yr old children
• 50% rook vitamin everyday
• 50% took placebo
• found children in experimental group had higher IQ
• only if they had a previous poor diet

Question 21

what did owen et al 2010 find about IQ and cognitive training

Answer 21

• five cognitive domains e.g. memory, attention for 6 weeks
• pps became better at the cognitive tasks they trained on but these effects did not generalise

Question 22

what did zajonc find about IQ and birth order

Answer 22

• confluence model
• first born more time with intelligent adults
• as number of children increase, children spend more time with each other and interactions between children is not as stimulating as with adults

Question 23

what did Blake 1981 find about IQ and birth order

Answer 23

• dilution model
• first or alone child spends significant time with adults, gets more attention
• as the number of siblings increases, time spent with each child decreases

Question 24

what is the flynn effect

Answer 24

• can’t be evolutionary
• improvements in education, nutrition and supportive parenting styles