Intelligence Flashcards
What is the psychometric approach to intelligence?
The psychometric approach to intelligence is based on the measurement of individual differences in performance.`
What are some explanations for g?
- Intelligence tests all measure a single underlying ability.
- Most people who have good support for developing one intellectual skill also have good support for developing other - genes, health, education
What is fluid intelligence?
Fluid intelligence is the power of reasoning and the ability to see abstract relationships, draw logical inferences, and solve novel problems.
What is crystallised intelligence?
Crystallised intelligence is the ability to retain, recall, and apply skills and knowledge that was acquired through experience to problem-solving situations.
What are some reasons for individual differences in IQ scores?
- Family resemblances
- Twins are more likely to have similar IQ scores
- Environmental influences
Define test standardization.
Test standardization is the process of evaluating the questions, establishing rules for administering a test, and interpreting the scores.
What is the Flynn effect?
The Flynn effect suggests that with each generation, people’s raw scores on IQ tests have gradually increased.
How do we evaluate the accuracy and fairness of tests?
- Test reliability - the repeatability of its scores. Reliable tests will have a higher test-retest reliability score.
- Test validity - the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores for the intended purposes - examine content, response processes, internal structure, relation to other variables, and consequences of testing.
What are Stenberg’s three facets of intelligence?
- Practical intelligence - finding solutions encountered for problems confronted in everyday life
- Analytical intelligence - abstract reasoning, good test-taking skills
- Creative intelligence - generate new ideas, solutions
According to Mayer and Salovey, what does emotional intelligence include?
Emotional intelligence is the ability to reason about one’s emotions and use emotions to enhance reasoning. This includes the ability to control one’s impulses, to avoid getting overwhelmed in distressing situations.
What are the 8 types of intelligence identified by Gardner?
Logical/Mathematical, Linguistic, Musical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist
What is the difference between aptitude and achievement?
Aptitude is the ability to learn or gain proficiency in an area.
Achievement measures the amount of information a person has acquired.
What is mental age based on?
Mental age is based on common content knowledge and ability.
Why is the ratio formula to measure IQ flawed?
The ratio formula assumes that intelligence develops linearly over time.
However, using this formula is more likely to give younger children a higher IQ score.
What are the 5 primary index scales?
- Verbal comprehension scale - verbal reasoning and general knowledge
- Visual spatial scale - Identify, analyze and mentally manipulate or assemble visual images
- Fluid reasoning scale - reasoning skills to solve novel problems
- Working memory scale - storage and transformation of information in STM
- Processing speed scale - completion of speeded tasks, visual memory, discrimination, and scanning
