intellectual impairment PBL Flashcards

1
Q

asthmatic pt ask

A
  • inhlaers used?
  • hospitalisation
  • frequency of asthma attacks
  • when last had an attack
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2
Q

how to avoid triggering asthma attack?

A

proper suction, dental dam use

avoid prolonged supone positions

anxiety levels - assess and help manage if risk triggering attack

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3
Q

how can proper suction and use of dental dam prevent asthma attack

A

limit amount of particles so reduce chance of allergy induced asthma

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4
Q

what is important to check before commencing dental tx on asthma pt

A

rescue inhaler on hand

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5
Q

3 characteristics of ASD

A
  • social interaction
  • social communication
  • limited and restricted patterns in bahviour
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6
Q

pain management of broken tooth in ASD pt

A

ideally smooth off - but unlikely due to compliance issues

chlorohexidine/salt water wash (prevent secondary infection)- assess ability to swallow

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7
Q

traumatic ulcer Tx

A

hopefully go away after a few weeks

monitor

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8
Q

GA tx consider when

A
  • uncooperative pt
  • volume of disease large
  • pain and infection
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9
Q

AWI tx needs to be

A

least invasive option

minimum necessary treatment

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10
Q

pros of GA if ASD, dentally anxious pt with lots of clinical needs

A

single appointment

less anxiety/stress for them

so pt best interest

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11
Q

lower splint cons

A

caries risk

erosion risk

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12
Q

ASD connection to bruxist habit

A

clench/tight gives comfort

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13
Q

bruxism can cause

A

NCTSL

trauma can result if no occluding teeth

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14
Q

is large volume of extractions and bruxist ASD pt - what tx is worth considering if going for GA

A

full clearance

prevent future issues

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15
Q

taurodontism

A

condition found in molar teeth whereby the body of the tooth and pulp chamber is enlarged verically at the expense of the roots

causing the floor of the pulp and furcation of the tooth to be moved apically done the root

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16
Q

Kilnefelter syndrome

A

males are born with an extra copy of X chromosome (XXY)

17
Q

male sex chromosomes

A

XY

18
Q

females X chromosome

A

XX

19
Q

effect of Kilnefelter syndrome

A

XXY

x chromosome interferes with sexual development meaning that the individual will produce less testosterone (the male sex hormone) than usual

20
Q

is Kilnefelter syndrome inherited

A

not directly inherited

equal chance mother and father having extra X chromosome

sperm or egg having extra X chromosome is random

21
Q

prevalence of Kilnefelter syndrome

A

1 in 660 males (quite common)

higher risk is mother over 35 years old

22
Q

when is Kilnefelter syndrome usually found

A

aren’t any early symptoms usually

so found when man goes for fertility test

23
Q

symptoms of Kilnefelter’s

A
  • shy and low self confidence
  • literacy and attention problems (dyslexia, dyspraxia)
  • low energy levels
  • socialising and expressing feelings difficulties
  • puberty changes later and different from usual
  • INFERTILITY - tx to help

majority have normal and healthy lives

24
Q

health problems associated with Kilnefelters

A

increased risk of

  • type 2 diabetes
  • osteoporosis
  • obesity
  • CVD and blood clots
  • lupus and autoimmune diseases
  • hypothyroidism
  • anxiety, depression, learning difficulties
25
Q

tx for Kilnefelters

A

no cure

  • testosterone replacement therapy
  • fertility tx
  • breast reduction surgery to remove excess tisssue
  • occupational therapy
  • physio therapy
  • speech and language theraoy
26
Q

pre contemplative

A

no intention of change behaviour (smoking)

may be unaware of consequences

27
Q

issues with smoking

A
  • inc risk oral cancer
  • inc risk caries
  • stained teeth
  • systemic risks - lung cancer
  • cost
28
Q

bleeding gums impact on OH

A

pt may not like taste of blood in mouth so may avoid that area

not good - worsen gum condition

encourage brushing in that area

29
Q

ulcer causes

A
  • trauma
  • malignant lesions
  • inflammatory conditions
  • nutient deficiency
  • adverse drug reaction
30
Q

traumatic causes of ulcers inc

A

biting cheek or tongue

brushing harshly

poorly fitting denture

fractured tooth/ restoration

31
Q

what to do if ulcer presists 3 weeks +

A

if ulcer presits 3 weeks+ and unexplained cause

refer pt to urgent care for further investigation/biopsy to exclude oral cancer

32
Q

3 key signs of oral ulcer

A

pain in the lips/oral cavity

inflammation and redness

abnormal appearance

33
Q

traumatic ulcer tx

A

tx cause of tx (e.g. fractured tooth - smooth sharp edges)

arrange review appoinment 4-7 days

should see some resolution in ulcer

34
Q

soothe ulcers

A

saline rinse (1 tsp salt in warm water)

chlorohexidine mouthwash is pain limiting OH (0.2% 10ml 2x day until resolved)

analgesics

topical corticosteroids (hydrocortisone oromucosal tablets - dissolved at site of lesion)

topical anaesthetics (benzydamine mouthwash or oromucosal spray)

35
Q

oral cancer classic presentation

A

deep ulceration

rolled margins

red and white patches of mucosa