Intellectual Impairment Flashcards
What is the definition of impairment?
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.
Impairment is at the level of the organ or tissues.
What is the definition of disability?
Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
What is activity limitation?
Difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action.
What is participation restriction?
Problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations.
What is the difference between the social and medical model of disability?
Social model
- Disability is caused by the way that society is organised rather than a person’s impairment or difference
- Inaccessibly buildings, inaccessible transport, negative cultural representations, inaccessible information.
Medical model
- People are disabled by their impairment or differences.
- These impairments should be fixed by medical treatment.
Down syndrome
In paeds lectures
What is Prader Willi Syndrome?
Abnormality of chromosome 15
Constant desire to eat food
Restricted growth
Reduced muscle tone
Learning difficulties
Lack of sexual development
Behavioural problems- tantrums, stubbornness
What is the biopsychosocial model?
General acceptance that illness and health are the result of an interaction between biological, psychological and social factors.
What might be some barriers to oral healthcare in those who have a learning disability?
Individual characteristics- not liking the texture of dental instruments, not understanding importance of good OH, taste of toothpaste, might have limited mobility.
Dependence upon family members or carers to carry out OH
- knowledge of OH might be limited.
Access- not having a regular dentist, cost, finding a dentist that can make the necessary adjustments, difficulties with transport, reliance on others.
Communication- difficult to communicate that they’re in pain
Dental practitioners having a lack of knowledge in this area.
If someone is unable to verbally communicate their pain, what could they use?
Look for signs
Pain communication toolkit
What can be used as adjuncts to communication?
Makaton
Picture boards
Talking mats
Social stories
Draw
Write
These can all be used to illustrate OHI.
What can be used to assist with examinations?
Toothbrush- two toothbrush technique
Bedi shield
Open wide mouth rests
Mirror
Good light
What risks factors for oral disease are present in someone with learning difficulties?
High sugar intake
Sensory sensitivity
Limited diet
Non-oral feeders
GORD
Prescription medications that can reduce saliva flow or increase gingival inflammation
Reduced dexterity
Pouching/limited food clearance
Mouth breathers- reduced saliva
Poor motor control
What conditions might drooling be linked to?
Cerebral Palsy
Parkinson’s disease
Motor neuron disease
Developmental disability
More about intellectua impairment in paeds section
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