Intellectual impairment

Question 1

Physical features of down syndrome

Answer 1

• growth failure
• short and broad hands
• broad flat face
• diminished muscle tone
• flat back of head

Question 2

downs syndrome definition

Answer 2

• neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origin affecting chromosome 21
• 95% cases due to a full trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 3

What are the different models of disability?

Answer 3

medical model
social model

Question 4

outline the social model of disability?

Answer 4

disability is caused by the way society is organised, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference

Question 5

outline the medical model of disability

Answer 5

people are disabled by their impairments or differences
these impairments or differences should be ‘fixed’ or changed by medical and other treatments

Question 6

down syndrome incidence

Answer 6

1 in 700 births

Question 7

medical features of Down syndrome

Answer 7

congenital heart defects
epilepsy
leukaemia
diabetes mellitus
intellectual impairment
hearing impairment
thyroid disease

Question 8

Prader-Willi syndrome features

Answer 8

chromosome 15 affected
constant desire to eat food
restricted growth leading to short stature
reduced muscle tone (hypertonia)
learning difficulties
lack of sexual development
behavioural problems

Question 9

ASD deatures

Answer 9

complex developmental condition
sensory diferences may be a presenting features
intellectual/learning impairments possible

Question 10

ASD dental considerations

Answer 10

many autistic individuals may be hypersensitive to a multitude of stimuli such as bright lights, noise and touch
toothbrushing and prevention has multiple sensory triggers

Question 11

cerebral palsy definition

Answer 11

neurological conditions that affect movement and coordination

Question 12

cerebral palsy features

Answer 12

muscle stiffness or floppiness
muscle weakness
random and uncontrolled body movements
balance and coordination problems

Question 13

Why does downs syndrome increase perio risk?

Answer 13

• impaired immune system
• unregulated production of inflammatory mediators
• reduced manual dexterity - OH
• enamel defects

Question 14

Downs syndrome - intra-oral features

Answer 14

micro or macro dontia
class iii occlusion
AOB
large tongue

Question 15

Why might a patient with cerebral palsy have limited mouth opening?

Answer 15

it can affect the muscles that open and close the mouth and move the lips and tongue