Intellectual Disablilites Flashcards
Déficits in
Intellectual functioning, adaptive fonctioning
IQ must occur in children
Below 70
What is the history of Down syndrome?
First identified in 1866, with the oldest skeleton dating back 4000 years. Life expectancy was 9 years, increased to 25 years in 1983, and now averages 60 years.
What are the chromosomal characteristics of Down syndrome?
Down syndrome is caused by three copies of the 21st chromosome, with 90% of cases originating from the mother’s egg. The chances increase with maternal age.
What are common physical features of Down syndrome?
Smaller head, almond-shaped eyes, thicker neck, shorter height, and smaller mouth.
What health issues are associated with Down syndrome?
Heart defects, hearing and vision loss, dental conditions, digestive issues, skin conditions, and sleep apnea.
What are the fine motor skill milestones for children with Down syndrome?
Palmer grasp at 6 months, pincer grasp at 9 months, tripod grasp by 3.5 years (static) and 5 years (dynamic), tying shoes around 4 years.
What are the gross motor skill milestones for children with Down syndrome?
Sitting by 6 months, walking by 12 months, throwing a ball by 2 years, alternating feet on stairs by 3 years, hopping on one foot by 4 years.
What social characteristics are common in individuals with Down syndrome?
They are interested in socializing but may experience delays in social development and are not always socially accepted, leading to higher rates of depression.
What is Williams syndrome?
A genetic condition caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 7, first identified in the 1960s by Dr. John P. Williams.
What are the physical characteristics of Williams syndrome?
Fold at the inner part of the eye, starburst eyes, large ears, small teeth, wide mouth, upturned nose, and shorter height.
What health issues are associated with Williams syndrome?
Heart problems due to narrow blood vessels, early puberty, and ear infections leading to hearing loss.
What communication challenges do individuals with Williams syndrome face?
They often have good communication skills that mask cognitive delays but struggle with social communication, such as knowing how much to share and staying on topic.
What are the features of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)?po0-
Thin upper lip, indistinct or absent philtrum, cleft palate, short eye slits and folds at the inner eye, and smaller head.
What is the difference between Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE) and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
FAE individuals have normal IQ but may show effects, while FAS individuals typically have an IQ below 70.
What are common brain development issues in individuals with FASD?
Seizures are common, and they may have difficulty making choices and understanding consequences.
What is Fragile X syndrome?
The most prevalent inherited intellectual disability, where the fragile X gene is present in all individuals, but not everyone with it has an intellectual disability.
What are common misdiagnoses for individuals with Fragile X syndrome?
They are often misdiagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, or generalized anxiety.
What are the characteristics of males with Fragile X syndrome?
Majority have intellectual disabilities, long face, long ears, large testicles, hypotonia, higher palate, and very soft skin.
What are the characteristics of females with Fragile X syndrome?
They may have milder symptoms, with a small number having intellectual disabilities and facial features, along with social difficulties and depression.
What are some strengths of individuals with Fragile X syndrome?
They often use imitation to learn social norms, have a sense of humor, and possess good receptive language and visual memory skills.
