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Psychiatry pro +1700 > Intellectual Disabilities > Flashcards

Intellectual Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of ID?

A

Onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits

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2
Q

What are the 2 criteria for ID?

A
  • Deficits in intellectual functioning

- Deficits in function confirmed by clinical assessment / WAIS

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3
Q

When does ID begin?

A

During the developmental period

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4
Q

What are the IQ ranges for mild, moderate, severe, profound and unspecified for ID?

A 
Mild = [55-70]
Moderate = [35 -55]
Severe = 25-35
Profound = 20-25
Unspecified = untestable
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5
Q

What is the SE of WAIS?

A

5 points

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6
Q

What is the score that indicates MR on the WAIS scale? What else must be present to correctly diagnose this?

A

75

Limitations in adaptive functioning

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7
Q

What are the issues with IQ testing? (3)

A
  • Marked discrepancy between scores and verbal testing
  • Testing must be normed for socio-economic background
  • Co-occurring disorders of communication or motor/function may mislead
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8
Q

What is the adaptive functioning bit of mental testing?

A

Personal independence and social responsibility

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9
Q

Can you use education records, mental health evals to diagnose ID?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Are the specifiers for ID more influenced by IQ scores, or adaptive functioning?

A

Adaptive functioning

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11
Q

True or false: at the preschool level, there is no difference between mild MR pts and non-MR patients

A

True

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12
Q

What are the mild ID pts responses to problems, as compared to their peers?

A

Express more concrete solutions compared to age

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13
Q

What are the two ways to assess for intellectual disabilities?

A
  • Clinical assessment

- Standardized tests

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14
Q

Deficits in adaptive functioning in the diagnosis of MR is defined as having problems in what three areas without ongoing support?

A
  • Communication
  • independent living
  • social participation
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15
Q

True or false: individual profiles based on neuropsychological testing, is better than a single IQ score for diagnosing MR

A

True

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16
Q

What is meant by the term adaptive functioning? What is diagnostic for MR in this area?

A

Personal independence and social responsibility

Met when one domain is sufficiently impaired that ongoing support is needed

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17
Q

What are the three major areas of adaptive functioning?

A
  • Conceptual/academic
  • Socially
  • Practically
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18
Q

Specifiers in diagnosing MR are based largely on what component of the diagnostic criteria?

A

Adaptive functioning, not IQ scores

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19
Q

What are the social characteristics of mild MR? (3)

A
  • Immature perception of peer’s social cues
  • Problems with regulating behavior
  • Limited understanding of risk and judgement
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20
Q

What is the major social issue with mild MR patients?

A

the person is at risk of being manipulated

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21
Q

True or false: for patients with mild MR, they are largely function independently in terms of personal care and complex ADLs

A

True

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22
Q

What are the three major areas where pts with mild MR need help functioning?

A
  • Health care
  • Legal decisions
  • Raising a family
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23
Q

What is true regarding the conceptual domain for moderate MR pts?

A

Conceptual skills lag behind peers all through development

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24
Q

True or false: at the preschool level, there is no difference between moderate MR pts and non-MR patients

A

False–skils are slow to develop

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25
Q

What level of education are pts with moderate MR at?

A

elementary level

26
Q

What are the major issues in the social domain for moderate MR?(3)

A
  • Much less complex social interaction
  • Capacity for relationships is limited
  • Work settings need significant social and communication support
27
Q

True or false: with extended period of teaching, time, and reminders, an individual with moderate MR may become independent

28
Q

True or false: maladaptive behavior is common in pts with moderate MR

A

False–significant minority

29
Q

What is the major characteristic of the conceptual domain with severe MR?

A

Caretakers provide extensive supports throughout life

30
Q

What are the social characteristics of severe MR?

A
  • Significant difficulties communicating

- Family and familiar others offer support and help

31
Q

At what level of MR is support needed for all ADLs?

32
Q

True or false: in pts with severe MR, maladaptive behavior, including self-injury, is present in the majority of patients

A

False–significant minority

33
Q

What is the defining characteristic of the conceptual processes in profound MR?

A

Physical world, rather than the symbolic

34
Q

What is the defining characteristic of the social processes in profound MR?

A

Non-verbal, non-symbolic communication

35
Q

What is the defining characteristic of the practical domain of profound MR?

A

Dependent on all aspects of daily physical care, health, and safety

36
Q

True or false: maladaptive behaviors are present in only a significant minority of patients with profound MR

37
Q

True or false: MR is a generally homogenous condition

A

False–very heterogenous

38
Q

What specific personality or behavioral disorders are associated with MR?

39
Q

What is the major mental health comorbidity with MR?

A

Suicide risk

40
Q

What is fragile X syndrome? Cause?

A

-CGG expansion in FMR1 on X chromosome

41
Q

What are the facial features of fragile X syndrome?

A
  • Long face
  • Protruding ears
  • High arched palate
42
Q

What are the foot features of fragile X pts?

43
Q

What are the testicular features of fragile X pts?

A

Macrorrhizum

44
Q

What is the cause of Prader-Willi syndrome? Cause? S/sx?

A
  • Paternal chromosome deletion on chromosome 15q

- Hyperphagia, speech delay, hypogonadism

45
Q

What is the cause of Angelman syndrome? S/sx?

A

deletion of maternal copy of chromosome 15

-Happy puppet

46
Q

What is the cause of William’s syndrome? S/sx?

A
  • deletion of parts of chromosome 7,

- Elfin face, developmental delay, supravalvular aortic stenosis, highly sociable

47
Q

When do Down syndrome pts develop Alzheimer’s type dementia?

48
Q

MR must occur before what age?

49
Q

What is meant by the fact that intellectual disabilities are not static?

A

training can alter and improve adaptive skills

50
Q

True or false: there is a familial pattern of MR

A

False–do not exist d/t the heterogeneity of the disorder

51
Q

Early onset of delay in motor language or social milestones in the first 2 years of life = what level of MR?

52
Q

School age onset with difficulty in academic is characteristic of what level of MR?

53
Q

Global delay for those under what age may eventually meet the criteria for MR?

A

5 years old

54
Q

What is the cause of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome? S/sx?

A

Defect in HGRPT, which converts hypoxanthine to IMP and GMP

  • Hyperuricemia
  • Gout
  • Pissed off
  • Retardation
  • dysTonia
55
Q

What percent of MR has no clear etiology?

56
Q

More or less severe MR has more identifiable etiologies?

A

More severe = more identifiable etiologies

57
Q

What is social drift?

A

MR pts are more likely to drift into the lower socioeconomic classes

58
Q

What is the male:female ratio of mild and severe MR?

A
  1. 6:1 Mild

1. 2:1 Severe

59
Q

True or false: the diagnosis of MR is made whenever the diagnostic criteria are met

60
Q

What is the difference in MR and learning/communication disorders?

A

MR is global

61
Q

Why does autism need continuous reassessment over the developmental period?

A

IQ scores are liable to change

62
Q

The prevalence of comorbid conditions like mental health disorders, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy may be (__)x the general population.

Psychiatry pro +1700 (28 decks)

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