Intellectual Disabilities Flashcards
What three criteria must be met to diagnose IDD?
Deficits in intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, and onset must be during developmental period.
Describe deficits in intellectual functioning.
Deficits in intellectual functions, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing.
Describe deficits in adaptive functioning.
Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life,
such as communication, social participation, and independent living, across multiple
environments, such as home, school, work, and community.
What are the three domains that adaptive functioning deficits must occur in?
Conceptual, Social, and Practical
What are the severity levels?
Mild, moderate, Severe, and Profound
Decribe the severity level mild for IDD for all three domains.
Conceptual: may be no obvious deficits. Somewhat concrete approach to problems and solutions compared to same aged peers.
Social: Immature in social interaction. Difficulties regulating emotions and behavior, and social judgment is immature.
Practical: Need some support in complex daily living tasks. Supports usually involved grocery shopping, transportation, etc.
Decribe the severity level moderate for IDD for all three domains.
Conceptual: All through development, conceptual skills lag markedly behind.
Social: Marked differences throughout development.
Adaptive: Can care for personal needs by adulthood upon teaching. Independent employment can occur by adulthood if these jobs are limited in conceptual demands.
Decribe the severity level severe for IDD for all three domains.
Conceptual: Attainment of conceptual skills is limited.
Social: Spoken language is limited. Speech is often single words and phrases and augmented through augmentive means.
Practical: Requires support for all tasks of daily living.
Decribe the severity level profound for IDD for all three domains.
Conceptual: Involve the physical world rather than symbolic processes.
Social: Limited understanding of symbolic communication
Practical: Dependent on others for all aspects of care.
Describe some associated features involving diagnosis.
There may be associated difficulties with social judgment; assessment of risk; self-management of behavior, emotions, or interpersonal relationships; or motivation in school or work environments.
Lack of communication skills may predispose to disruptive and aggressive behaviors. Gullibility is often a feature, involving naiveté in social situations and a tendency for being easily led by others. Gullibility and lack of awareness of risk may result in exploitation by others and possible victimization, fraud, unintentional criminal involvement, false confessions, and risk for physical and sexual abuse.
Individuals with a diagnosis of intellectual disability with co-occurring mental disorders are at risk for suicide.
What is the prevalence of IDD?
Intellectual disability has an overall general population prevalence of approximately 1%. Prevalence for severe intellectual disability is approximately 6 per 1,000.
What are the genetic and physiological risk and prognostic factors of IDD?
Prenatal etiologies include genetic syndromes, inborn errors of metabolism, brain malformations, maternal disease, and environmental influences.
Perinatal causes include a variety of labor and delivery-related events leading to neonatal encephalopathy.
Postnatal causes include hypoxic ischemic injury, traumatic brain injury, infections, demyelinating disorders, seizure disorders, severe and chronic social deprivation, and toxic metabolic syndromes and intoxications.
Describe the sex-related diagnostic issues.
Overall, males are more likely than females to be diagnosed with both mild (average male:female ratio 1.6:1) and severe (average male:female ratio 1.2:1) forms of intellectual disability.
What is the comorbidity of IDD?
ADHD; depressive and bipolar disorders; anxiety disorders; ASD; stereotypic movement disorder; impulse-control disorders; and major neurocognitive disorder.
Major depressive disorder may occur throughout the range of severity of intellectual disability.
