Intellectual Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 important aspects associated with intellectual development?

A
Language development
Problem-solving 
Memory
Moral development 
Abstract thoughts and creative thinking
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2
Q

What is language development?

A

Language development is essential for organizing thoughts and to share express ideas. It is also important for clarification

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3
Q

What is problem-solving?

A

Problem-solving is an important skill that is required both to work things out and to make predictions about what might happen

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4
Q

What is memory?

A

Memory is required for storing, recalling, and retrieving information

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5
Q

What is moral development?

A

Moral development allows for reasoning and making choices, and informs an individual how to act in particular situations and how to act towards self and others

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6
Q

What are abstract thoughts and creative thinking?

A

Abstract thoughts and creative thinking are essential for thinking and discussing situations and events that cannot be observed

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7
Q

What is the intellectual development for infancy and early childhood?

A

Stages of rapid intellectual development

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8
Q

What is the intellectual development for adolescence and early adulthood?

A

Development of logical thought, problem-solving and memory recall skills

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9
Q

What is the intellectual development for middle adulthood?

A

Can think through problems and make sound judgements using life experiences

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10
Q

What is the intellectual development for later adulthood?

A

Changes in the brain can cause short-term memory decline and slower thought processes and reaction times

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11
Q

What are the intellectual millstones from birth?

A

Can use all their senses to help understand the world around them

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12
Q

What are the intellectual millstones at 3 years?

A

Can ask questions, counts, recognise colours and sort objects

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13
Q

What are the intellectual millstones at 5 years?

A

Starting to read and write and draw in detail, can talk about the past and future

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14
Q

What are the intellectual millstones at 8 years?

A

Can think more deeply, reason, talk about abstract ideas and plan

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15
Q

What are the stages of language development at around 3 months old?

A

Infants begin to make babbling noises as they learn to control the muscles associated with speech

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16
Q

What are the stages of language development at around 12 months old?

A

Infants begin to imitate sounds made by carers such as ‘da da’. This develops into using single words

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17
Q

What are the stages of language development at around 2 years old?

A

Infants begin to make two-way sentences, such as ‘cat goed’(meaning the cat has gone away). The infant begins to build their vocabulary(knowledge of words)

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18
Q

What are the stages of language development at around 3 years old?

A

Children begin to make simple sentences, such as ‘i want drink’. This develops into the ability to ask questions, ‘when we go?’. Knowledge of words (vocabulary) grows very rapidly

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19
Q

What are the stages of language development at around 4 years old?

A

Children begin to use clear sentences that can be understood by strangers. Children can be expected to make some mistakes with grammar, ‘we met lots of people at the shops today’

20
Q

What are the stages of language development at 5 years old?

A

Children can speak using full adult grammar. Although vocabulary will continue to grow and formal grammar will continue to improve, most children can be expected to use language effectively by the age of 5

21
Q

What are ways that language development can be promoted in infants?

A
  • Blow bubbles
  • Play with puppets
  • Watch and listen to other children
  • Join in with action rhymes and songs
  • Look at picture books
22
Q

What are ways that language development can be promoted in young children?

A
  • Take part in circle time
  • Take part in group activities
  • Imaginary play in ‘home corner’
  • Share stories and rhymes
  • Play word games and riddles
23
Q

What are ways that language development can be promoted in adolescents?

A
  • Read a wide range of books and journals
  • Take part in group projects
  • Discuss ideas
  • Plan and deliver presentations
24
Q

What are the intellectual impacts of puberty?

A
  • Morals change
  • Become more curious
  • Learn to deal with the changes in their body
  • Learns to use sanitary products
  • Learn finances and other essential needs
  • May lack stimulation
  • May start employment
25
Q

What is object permanence?

A

The idea that an object still exists, even if the child cannot see it

26
Q

What is abstract logical thinking?

A

The ability to solve problems using imagination without having to be involved practically. This is an advanced form of thinking which does not always need context to take place

27
Q

What is egocentric thinking/egocentrism?

A

Not being able to see a situation from another person’s point of view. Piaget believes a young child assumes that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does

28
Q

What is concrete logical thinking?

A

The ability to solve problems providing the individual can see or physically handle the issues involved

29
Q

What is conservation?

A

The theory of conservation means that something’s appearance might change but the quantity will stay the same

30
Q

What age range is the sensorimotor stage?

A

0-2yrs

31
Q

What occurs in this stage?

A
  • Interact with the world using senses
  • They learn through trial and error
  • Babies do not have ways of remembering these things until about 18 months
  • Object permanence develops at about 8 months, so they will continue to look for a hidden object, as they know it still exists
32
Q

What activities could be used to promote this development?

A
  • Get the children to play with toys that make noises/squeak
  • Playing ‘peekaboo’ with the child
33
Q

What age range is the preoperational stage?

A

2-7yrs

34
Q

What occurs in this stage?

A
  • Development of language
  • Make-believe play takes place
  • Do not understand how to conserve- quantity stays the same but the shape changes
  • Child’s thinking is egocentric so they only see the world from their point of view
  • Parallel play- they rather play next to other children than with them
35
Q

What activities could be used to promote this development?

A
  • Play dress up or house (so they have to use their imagination and make sense of the world)
  • Play with toys that change shape (so they begin to understand how to conserve)
36
Q

What is the age range for the concrete operational stage?

A

7-11yrs

37
Q

What occurs in this stage?

A
  • Children develop the ability to conserve
  • Children are less egocentric
  • They have a better understanding of logic and problem solving if they can see or physically handle the problem, however they may find it difficult to imagine the solution(concrete logical thinking)
38
Q

What activities could be used to promote this development?

A
  • Simple experiments to give them a chance to manipulate objects and test ideas
  • Give the concrete apparatus like counters to solve problems
  • read books with a limited number of characters
  • Group work
39
Q

What is the age range for the formal operational stage?

A

11-18yrs

40
Q

What occurs in this stage?

A

Have developed abstract logical thinking, which means they are able to think through complicated ideas in their heads without having to see a concrete image

41
Q

What activities could be used to promote this development?

A
  • Teach broad concepts rather than just faces (e.g. poetry)

- Ask them to write short stories on hypothetical topics (e.g. living in outer space)

42
Q

Which research task was conducted to test egocentrism?

A

The mountains task- when a child gets asked to list everything they can see for 2 sides of a mountain terrain toy and then asked what can the other person see- the child lists what they can see

43
Q

What are schemas?

A

Schemas are a category of knowledge and a process of gaining knowledge(little pockets of information)

44
Q

What are the 3 stages of schemas?

A

Equilibrium- Has knowledge of the world around them
Disequilibrium- When new information is presented
Equilibrium- Schemas have changed and new information is accepted

45
Q

What are the strengths of Piaget?

A
  • Piaget’s work has influenced early education i.e. the existence of ‘discover play’
  • Considers nature and nurture- Piaget takes all explanations of learning into consideration
  • Whatever the criticisms, Piaget’s ideas have stimulated much further research which has increased our knowledge of children’s cognitive development, and influenced teaching methods
46
Q

What are the weaknesses of Piaget?

A
  • Piaget based his whole theory on observations on a small number of children, so it is difficult to say ALL children will go through these stages (small sample)
  • The stages of intellectual may be more fluid than he thought and either underestimated or overestimated children’s cognitive abilities. For example, watching 5-year-olds play often shows that they do understand other people’s feelings and are less egocentric than Piaget suggests.
  • Burner disagrees with Piaget’s fixed stages and believes that with adult support, children can be helped to progress to higher-level thinking skills. He believes that an individual’s ability to use logical thinking skills may depend on the amount of encouragement they have received to think logically
  • Some research suggests that children take longer than 11 years to become skilled at abstract logical thinking. Cognitive development might not be a part of the maturation process, it could depend on a child’s environment and the quality of their formal and informal education