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RMT > Integumentary Test 1 > Flashcards

Integumentary Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system made up of?

A

(AKA Cutaneous Membrane)

Skin
Hair, 
Oil/Sweat glands
Nails
Sensory receptors
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2
Q

2 main parts of skin

A

Epidermis: is avascular
Dermis: is vascular (has blood vessels)

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3
Q

Skin size

A

Largest organ of the body. on average covers a surface of 2 meters squared

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4
Q

Functions of skin

A 
Protects body from external environment
• Thermoregulation
• Excretes and absorbs substances
• Stores blood (around 8-10%)
• Detects cutaneous sensations
• Synthesizes vitamin D (10-15 minutes of sun to begin)
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5
Q

Skin layers

A

Epidermis *superficial layer

Dermis: Deep layer

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6
Q

Epidermis cells Types

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Macrophages
Tactile epithelial cells

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7
Q

Types of skin

A

Thin and Thick

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8
Q

Components of thick skin

A 
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
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9
Q

Components of thin skin

A

Stratum basale:
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum:

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10
Q

Present in thick skin but not thin

A

Stratum lucidum

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11
Q

Dermis characteristics

A

Second, deeper part of the skin
o Composed of mainly collagen fibers and some elastic fibers
o Contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
o Divided in 2 regions (pappillary and reticular)

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12
Q

Papillary Region

A

-part of dermis
Make up 1/5 the thickness
• Contain tactile corpuscles (Meissner corpuscles

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13
Q

Reticular region characteristics

A

Makes up 4/5 of the thickness of the dermis
• Combination of collagen and elastic fibers here gives skin the ability to
stretch (extensibility) and recoil (elasticity)
• Contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and
sudoriferous glands

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14
Q

Epidermal ridges

A
  • can be found on the surfaces of the palms, palmar surfaces of the digits, soles, and plantar surfaces of the toes
  • produced during the third month of fetal development
  • follow the contours of the dermal papillae
  • part of the papillary region of the dermis
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15
Q

Accessory structures of the skin

A

hair
skin glands
nails

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16
Q

Hair (define)

A
  • found on most of body except palms and soles.

- contain small muscle (arrector pili muscle) causing goose bumps

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17
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

cause hair to stand up/goosebumps

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18
Q

Skin glands (define)

A

Are epithelial cells that secrete a substance (ie sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, ceruminous glands)

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19
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce oils

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20
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

produce sweat (ie eccrine glands and apocrine glands)

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21
Q

Eccrine glands

A

Type of sweat gland: (most numerous) are found in most regions of
the body, found most regions of the body, especially the
forehead, palms and soles.

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22
Q

Apocrine gland

A

Type of sweat gland:have larger ducts and lumens and are mainly
found in the armpits, groin, areola of the breast and bearded
area of the face in adult males.

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23
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

modified sweat glands found in the ear and produce

cerumen (earwax)

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24
Q

Nails

A

plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells

25
Q

Nail Body

A

visible part of the nail

26
Q

Free edge (nail)

A

part of the nail plate that may extend past the distal end of the
finger

27
Q

Nail root

A

portion of the nail that is buried in a fold of skin

28
Q

Nail functions

A

Protect fingertips
Provide support and counterpressure to the fingers
Allow to hold/manipulate small objects
Used to scratch and groom

29
Q

Deep wound healing

A

4 phases: inflammatory, migratory, proliferation, maturation

30
Q

Inflammatory phase

A

(deep wound healing phase #1)

Blood clot forms and loosely unites the wound edges (inflammation is involved)

31
Q

Migratory phase

A

(deep wound healing phase #2)
Clot becomes a scab
Epidermal cells migrate beneath the scab to fix the wound

32
Q

Proliferation phase

A

(deep wound healing phase #3)

Extensive growth of epithelial cells under the scab
Formation of collagen fibers in random patterns
Continued growth of blood vessels

33
Q

Maturation phase

A

(deep wound healing phase) The scab falls off once the skin has been restored

34
Q

Fibrosis

A

process of scar tissue formation

35
Q

Hypertrophic scar

A

scar tissue remains within the boundaries of the wound

36
Q

Keloid scar

A

scar extends beyond the boundaries of the wound to the surrounding tissues

37
Q

Age on skin

A

it gets thinner

38
Q

Tinea

A

fungal infection (corporis, capitis, pedis, unguium, versicolor

39
Q

Tinea corporis

A

fungal infection of the body better known as Ringworm

40
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

fungal infection of the scalp

41
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

Fungal infection of the foot (Athlete’s foot)

42
Q

Tinea Unguium

A

fungal infection of the nail

43
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

Fungal infection that creates patches of yellow, pink or brown scaling

44
Q

Acne

A

inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit of sebaceous glands

45
Q

Psoriasis

A
  • common/chronic skin disorder
  • keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal from the stratum
    basale to the stratum corneum
  • shed prematurely (7 to 10 days)
  • immature keratinocytes make an abnormal keratin, which forms flaky,
    silvery scales at the skin surface (knees, elbows, scalp)
46
Q

Pruritis

A

Sensation of itch

47
Q

Vitiligo

A

partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin that produce irregular white spots.

48
Q

Impetigo

A

bacterial infection

49
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Characterized by lesions that are restricted to skin areas supplied by a single dorsal root ganglia

50
Q

Stratum basale

A

is the deepest layer

o Also known as Stratum germinativum

51
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

(Layer #2 from bottom of thick AND thin skin)

Consists numerous keratinocytes arranged in 8-10 layers

52
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

(Layer #3 from the bottom for thick AND thin skin)

Consists of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Creates keratin

Creates the waterproof seal

53
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

(Layer #4 from the bottom for thick skin)

thick skin ONLY

Only present in palms and soles of the hands and feet

54
Q

Stratum corneum

A

(LAST or top layer for thick and thin skin)

25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes

55
Q

Keratinocytes

A

the most numerous (85%) and produce keratin that makes

skin tough and waterproof

56
Q

Melanocytes

A

(8%) produce melanin which contributes to skin color

57
Q

Macrophages

A

(Langerhans cells) participate in immune response

58
Q

Tactile epithelial cells

A

(Merkel cells) are the least numerous and detect touch

RMT (2 decks)

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