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RMT > Arthrology Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Arthrology Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How to classify joints

A
  • The presence or absence of space between the articulating bones called a synovial cavity
  • Type of connective tissue that binds the bones together
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2
Q

Types of joints

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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3
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

no synovial cavity and held together by dense connective tissue

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4
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Syndesmoses
  3. Interosseous membranes
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5
Q

Sutures (Type of Joint)

A

occurs only between bones of the skull*(synarthrosis)

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6
Q

Syndesmoses

A

greater distance between bones then a suture and allow amphiarthrosis
ex: Distal tibiofibular joint, gomphosis

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7
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

a slightly movable articulation

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8
Q

Gomphosis

A

a syndesmoses joint only found between the roots of teeth and their sockets in the mouth

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9
Q

Interosseus membrane

A

sheet of dense irregular connective tissue between 2 neighboring long bones ex: between radius and ulna also between fibula and tibia

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10
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

no synovial cavity, allow minimal movement and is connected by cartilage (ie: Synchondroses, epiphyseal cartillages, symphyses)

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11
Q

Synchondroses

A

joint where the connective tissue is hyaline cartilage and is slightly movable to immobile, an example would be the cartilage between the ribs and manubrium

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12
Q

Epiphyseal Cartilages

A

cartilaginous joints within bones ex: epiphyseal plate

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13
Q

Symphyses

A

where 2 bones are joined by a disc of cartilage ex: pubic symphyses

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14
Q

Synovial Joints

A

have a synovial cavity and are all classified as diarthrosis

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15
Q

Diathrosis

A

a freely movable joint

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16
Q

Functional classifications of joints

A

Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, diathrosis

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17
Q

Synarthrosis

A

an immovable joint

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18
Q

Types of Synovial Joints

A
  1. Plane (Planar)
  2. Hinge (Ginglymus)
  3. Pivot (Trochoid)
  4. Condyloid Ellipsoidal
  5. Saddle (Sellar)
  6. Ball and Socket (Spheroid)
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19
Q

Planar Joints

A

flat or slightly curved. Primarily permit back and forth movements or side to side, may also rotate against one another. Many plane joints are biaxial joints, meaning that they permit movement in 2 axes

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20
Q

Axis

A

a straight line around which a bone rotates or slides

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21
Q

Ginglymus Joint

A

AKA Hinge
where a convex surface of 1 bone fits into a concave surface of another bone. Creates an angular opening-closing motion like the hinge of a door. Hinge joints are uniaxial (single axis/plane)

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22
Q

Trochoid Joint

A

AKA Pivot Joint
rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed by another bone and partly by a ligament. Is uniaxial

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23
Q

Ellipsoidal Joints

A

AKA Condyloid Joint
Convex oval-shape of one bone fits in an oval-shaped depression of another bone. They are biaxial because they allow movement in 2 axes

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24
Q

Sellar Joints

A

AKA Saddle Joints

Movement is biaxial and the only example is the thumb

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25
Q

Spheroid Joints

A

AKA Ball-and-Socket
Consist of a ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone. These joints are triaxial, meaning they allow movement in 3 axes/planes. An example is the shoulder and hip.

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26
Q

Articular cartilage

A

reduces friction between bones in the joint and allows smooth movement

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27
Q

Joint capsule

A

This surrounds the synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity and unites the articulating bones. This reduces friction between bones during movement and helps to absorb shock

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28
Q

Synovial fluid

A

this is a viscous clear or pale-yellow fluid. It functions to reduce friction by lubricating the joint, absorbing shock and supplying oxygen and nutrients to and removing carbon dioxide and waste from the articular cartilage.

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29
Q

Ligament

A

Parallel bundles of dense connective tissue that strengthen and stabilize joints

30
Q

Accessory ligaments

A

ligaments that lie outside the articular capsule

31
Q

Articular disc

A

AKA Menisci

crescent-shaped pads of fibrocartilage that lie between the joints

32
Q

Labrum

A

this is a fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from the edge of the joint socket. Mostly found in ball-and-socket joints

33
Q

Bursa

A

is a flattened fibrous sac filled with fluid

34
Q

Tendon sheath

A

are tubelike bursa

35
Q

accessory movements

A

are small movements that occur in a joint

36
Q

Synovial Joint Characteristics

A
  1. Articular Cartilage
  2. Joint Capsule
  3. Synovial Fluid
  4. Ligament
  5. Accessory Ligaments
  6. Articular Discs
  7. Labrum
  8. Bursa
  9. Tendon Sheath
37
Q

Movements of Synovial Joints

A
  1. Gliding
  2. Angular
  3. Rotation
  4. Special
38
Q

Gliding

A

Movement (Synovial joint) of relatively flat bone surfaces back-and-forth and side-to-side over one another; little change in angle between bones

39
Q

Angular Movements List

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Lateral Flexion
  3. Extension
  4. Abduction
  5. Adduction
  6. Circumduction
40
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease in angle between articulating bones, usually in sagittal plane or an anterior movement at a ball-and-socket joint.

41
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Movement of trunk in frontal plane

42
Q

Extension

A

Increase in angle between articulating bones, usually in sagittal plane or a posterior movement at a ball-and-socket joint

43
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of bone away from midline, usually in coronal plane

44
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of bone toward midline, usually in coronal plane

45
Q

Circumduction

A

Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction, and rotation in succession (or in the opposite order); distal end of body part moves in circle

46
Q

Angular Movement Definition

A

Increase or decrease in angle between bones

47
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of bone around longitudinal axis; in limbs, may be medial (toward midline) or lateral (away from midline)

48
Q

Special Movements List

A
  1. Elevation
  2. Depression
  3. Protraction
  4. Retraction
  5. Inversion
  6. Eversion
  7. Dorsiflexion
  8. Plantar flexion
  9. Supination
  10. Pronation
  11. Opposition
49
Q

Special Movement Definition

A

Occurs at specific joints

50
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement of body part

51
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement of body part

52
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement of body part in transverse plane

53
Q

Retraction

A

Posterior movement of body part in transverse plane

54
Q

Inversion

A

Medial movement of sole

55
Q

Eversion

A

Lateral movement of sole

56
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending foot in direction of dorsum (superior surface)

57
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bending foot in direction of plantar surface (sole)

58
Q

Supination

A

Movement of forearm that turns palm anteriorly

59
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly

60
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of thumb across palm to touch fingertips on same hand

61
Q

Joint mobilizations

A

This is a manual therapy intervention that addresses arthrokinematic joint motions

62
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

the movement of joint surfaces

63
Q

Goals for joint mobilizations

A
  1. Promote movement between capsular fibers
  2. Promote circulation of synovial fluid
  3. Decrease pain
  4. Increase ROM
64
Q

Joint Mobilization Grades

A

Grade 1: Small amplitude movement at the beginning of the available range of movement
Grade 2: large amplitude movement at within the available range of movement. Ideal for joint assessment
Grade 3: large amplitude movement that moves into tissue stretch
Grade 4: small amplitude movement at end of tissue stretch

65
Q

Joint Mobilization Use

A
  • Grade 1&2 joint mobilization are used to decrease pain

- Grade 3&4 joint mobilizations are used to increase range of motion in the joint

66
Q

Treatment plane

A

lies in the concave articular surface and is parallel to the joint surface

67
Q

Traction/distraction

A

To move/pull a bone directly away from the treatment plane perpendicularly, (increase the space in between the bones of the joint)

68
Q

Joint mobilization indications

A
  1. Hypomobile joint

2. Pain in the joint (within reason)

69
Q

Joint mobilization Contraindications

A
  1. Hypermobile joint (except to decrease pain
70
Q

joint mobilizations on a hypermobile joint

A

to decrease pain ONLY, the grades used would only be 1 & 2 to avoid any tissue stretch

71
Q

Convex Rule

A

the movement at the bone will be opposite of the movement within the joint, this indicates that to increase the ROM in this direction the mobilization will occur in the opposite direction.
Example: To increase flexion in the GH joint (shoulder), the mobilization used would be a posterior glide, since movement for flexion is forward.

72
Q

Concave rule

A

the movement at the bone will be the same as the movement within the joint, to increase a ROM the glide will occur in the same direction as the motion.
Example: to increase flexion at the knee the mobilization would be a posterior glide because it happens in the same direction as the movement

RMT (2 decks)

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