Integumentary System: History & Physical Examination Flashcards
what are the things to note on a skin exam? (7)
CMMTTTL
Color changes: cyanosis, jaundance, bruising, pale
Mobility: how easy it is to lift up
Moisture: dry, oily, sweating
Texture: scaly, smooth, rough
Turgor: how fast the skin goes back to normal: less than 2 seconds: normal
temperature: use back of fingers
Lesions: notice location and distribution
what do you note for each lesion you find on a fullbody exam?
LSNTDCC
Location:
size: in mm or cm
number: single or multiple
Texture: verrucous, smooth, fleshy, warty, scaly
distribution: how the lesions are spread out (random, pattern, symmetric, asymmetric, sun exposed area or not )
Color: skin colored, erythema (red)
Configuration: shape of single lesion or arramgement of a group of lesions
pallor
cyanosis
jaundice
erythema
are used to decribe ______
Skin apperance (or color changes)
Pallor: Pale skin
Cyanosis: Blue coloration of skin (due to decreased oxygen or blood flow)
Jaundice: Yellow discoloration of skin (usually due liver issues)
Erythema: Red lesions/rash
Skin Lesions Configuration:
Skin Lesions Configuration:
Linear or striate: Configured in a straight line
Annular: Configured in a ring-like formation with central clearing
Nummular or discoid: Configured in a coin-shaped without central clearing
Target, Bull’s eye, Iris: Configured in rings with central duskiness
Serpiginous or gyrate: Configured in a linear branched formation with curving elements
Linear or striate:
Linear or striate: Configured in a straight line
Annular:
Annular: Configured in a ring-like formation with central clearing
Nummular or discoid:
Configured in a coin-shaped without central clearing
Target, Bull’s eye, Iris:
Configured in rings with central duskiness
Serpiginous or gyrate:
Serpiginous or gyrate: Configured in a linear branched formation with curving elements
identify
what are the skin red flags?
Screening Melanomas:
“ABCDE-EFG”
A- Asymmetry (each side of mole)
B- Border irregularity
C- Color variations (more than 2 colors)
D- Diameter (> 6mm)
E – Evolving or changing in size, symptoms or morphology
E – Elevation
F – Firmness
G – Growing over several weeks
macules vs patches
“FLAT & DRY”
Macule: Circumscribed flat area of
change in color of the skin < 1 cm in diameter
Patch: Circumscribed flat area of change in color of the skin > 1 cm in diameter
Papule:
vs
Nodule:
vs
Plaque:
“RAISED AND DRY”
Papule: Small solid elevation of the skin < 1 cm in diameter
Nodule: Solid elevation oftheskin>1cmin diameter extending deeper into skin layers
Plaque: Large flatter elevation of skin formed by papules coalescing
“FLAT & DRY”
Macule: Circumscribed flat area of
change in color of the skin < 1 cm in diameter
Patch: Circumscribed flat area of change in color of the skin > 1 cm in diameter
macule turns into a patch
pastule vs vesicle vs bulla
“RAISED AND FILLED”
Pustule: Small circumscribed
elevation of epidermis filled with purulent fluid
-Vesicle: < 1 cm in diameter
-Bulla: > 1 cm in diameter
measurements of lesions
what is this and what are their measurements?
ecchymosis: bruise
_______Thickened, hardened, leathery area of skin
Lichenification:
_______A scab
crust
______Build up of dead skin cells caused by abnormal growth rate and shedding
Scale: Build up of dead skin cells caused by abnormal growth rate and shedding
chronic skin picking
Excoriation: chronic skin picking
____firm, raised areas of skin that form when scar tissue builds up after a wound.
____Prominent dilated superficial blood vessels
Telangiectasia: Prominent dilated superficial blood vessels
______Linear crack from epidermis into dermis
Fissure
____Thinning of skin with loss of skin markings
_______Diffuse or circumscribed hardening of skin
______ Replacement of destroyed dermis by fibrous tissue
Nikolsky Sign:
hair exam:
inspect for SSEBBT
nail exam:
clubbing of finger
onycholysis
terry nails
how to perform a general skin exam
inspect
Skin Lesions-rimary vs Secondary
onycholysis
terry nails
Hair Terminology
Alopecia:
Types of Hair:
Vellus Hair:
Terminal Hair:
Hair Terminology
Alopecia: Hair loss
Types of Hair:
Vellus Hair: light, short, fine hair that covers most of the body
Terminal Hair: long, thicker, darker hair that grows on the head/eyebrows
functions of hair
functions of skin
function of nails
