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Gross Anatomy - Unit 3 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of the integumentary system

A
  1. skin

2. epidermal derivatives

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2
Q

what are the epidermal derivatives that make up part of the integumentary system

A 
hair
hair follicles
sweat/sudoriferous glands
sebaceous (oil) glands
nails
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3
Q

2 layers of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

superficial layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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5
Q

epidermis is derived from

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

is epidermis vascular or avascular

A

avascular

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7
Q

what kind of tissue makes up the epidermis layer

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

deep layer of skin

A

dermis

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9
Q

what kind of tissue is the dermis made out of

A

connective tissue

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10
Q

dermis is derived from

A

mesoderm

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11
Q

dermis is vascular or avascular

A

dermis is highly vascular

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12
Q

what is deep to the 2 skin layers

A

hypodermis

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13
Q

consists of adipose tissue, and is vascularized

A

hypodermis (subcutaneous layer/subcutaneous fascia)

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14
Q

where is thick skin found

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

areas subject to the most abrasion

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15
Q

skin is hairless

A

thick skin

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16
Q

thick skin has a much thicker __ layer than skin in any other location

A

epidermal layer

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17
Q

where is thin skin found

A

everywhere except the palms of the hand and soles of the feet

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18
Q

thin skin has a much thinner __ layer than thick skin

A

epidermis layer

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19
Q

hair follicles present in most locations

A

think skin

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20
Q

layers of epidermis in thick and thin skin

*from deep to superficial

A
  1. Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)
  2. Stratum Spinosum (Spinous Layer)
  3. Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)
  4. Stratum Lucidum (*thick skin only)
  5. Stratum Corneum
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21
Q

cells of the epidermis and their %’s

A

keratinocytes - 85%

melanocytes - 5%

langerhans - 2-5%

merkel’s cells - 6-10%

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22
Q

cells of the epidermis; participate in formation of water barrier

A

keratinocytes

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23
Q

keratinocytes produce

A

keratins

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24
Q

cells of the epidermis; pigment-producing cells

A

melanocytes

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25
Q

cells of the epidermis; antigen-presenting cells of the immune system

A

langerhans’ cells

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26
Q

cells of the epidermis; mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings

A

merkel’s cells

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27
Q

what is the principe cell type of epidermis

A

keratinocyte

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28
Q

major structural proteins of epidermis

A

keratins

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29
Q

keratins form __, classified as intermediate filaments, more commonly referred to as tonofilaments

A

keratin filaments

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30
Q

keratinocytes participate in formation of epidermal water barrier via production of __

A

lamellar bodies

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31
Q

tubular/ovoid-shaped membrane-bound organelles, lipid-containing structures

A

lamellar bodies (produced by keratinocytes)

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32
Q

mitotically active layer, contains stem cells that give rise to keratinocytes

A

stratum basale

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33
Q

single later of basophillic cells, cells are small and cuboidal/low columnar
production of intermediate (keratin) fillaments begins

A

stratum basale

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34
Q

which cells exhibit numerous cytoplasmic processes (spines)

A

keratinocytes in stratum spinosum

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35
Q

keratinocyte’s cell processes attach to those of adjacent cells via __

A

desmosomes

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36
Q

what contributes to the spiny/prickly appearance of stratum spinosum

A

histological prep - cells shrink leaving expanded intercellular space between spines

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37
Q

which layer has intermediate filaments (tonofilaments) grouped into bundles (tonofibrils)

A

stratum spinosum

38
Q

which layer does the production of keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies begin

A

stratum spinosum

39
Q

what is it called? conversion of granular cells into cornified cells

A

keratinization

40
Q

lamellar bodies released within which layer

A

stratum granulosum

41
Q

intensely basophilic, bundle tonofilaments into tonofibrils, keratinization all take place in which layer

A

stratum granulosum

42
Q

keratinocutes contain __ granules

A

keratohyalin granules

43
Q

which layer is only found in think skin

A

stratum lucidum

44
Q

thin, translucent layer of eosinophillic cells, nucleus and cytoplasmic organells become disrupted and disappear

A

stratum lucidum

45
Q

layer filled almost entirely with keratin

A

stratum corneum

46
Q

cells of this layer sloughed off at the surface

A

stratum corneum

47
Q

cells lose nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles, cells are dead. in which layer

A

stratum corneum

48
Q

produce and secrete the pigment melanin

A

melanocytes

49
Q

melanin is synthesized and stored in

A

melanosomes

50
Q

what kind of cells are melanocytes

A

dendritic cells

51
Q

melanocytes are dendritic cells;
rounded cell bodies in stratum __
and long processes extend upward and between keratinocytes in stratum__

A

rounded in stratum basale

long in stratum spinosum

52
Q

Melanin-containing melanosomesare transferred into adjacent

A

keratinocytes

53
Q

Melanin accumulates over __ to protect _ from UV radiation

A

nuclei to protect DNA

54
Q

___ possess elongated nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasm

A

Melanocytes

55
Q

Antigen-presenting cells typically found within stratum

A

stratum spinosum

56
Q

cells that are bone marrow-derived

A

langerhans’s cells

57
Q

Encounter and process antigens entering through skin

A

langerhans’s cells

58
Q

Langerhans’s cels Present processed antigen to __ within nearby lymph node

A

T lymphocytes

59
Q

Mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings

A

merkel’s cells

60
Q

merkel’s cells located within startum _

A

stratum basale

61
Q

which cells contains neurosecretory granules

A

merkle’s cells

62
Q

Base of Merkel’s cells associate with expanded, plate-like terminal of afferent nerve fibers, creates a

A

merkel’s corpuscle

63
Q

3 major types of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant melanoma

64
Q

slow growing tumor, resembles cells of stratum basale

A

basal cell carcinoma

most common type of skin cancer

65
Q

Characterized by highly atypical cells at all levels of epidermis

A

squamous cell carcinoma

second most common skin cancer

66
Q

most serious type of skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

67
Q

Originates from melanocytes, Presents as irregularly pigmented, multicolor lesion

A

malignant melanoma

68
Q

two layers of the dermis

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

69
Q

Papillary Layer
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
__: finger-like connective tissue protrusions•Project into epidermis at

A

Dermal papillae

epidermal-dermal junction

70
Q

layer of dermis that is dense irregular connective tissue, considerably thicker and has fewer cells than other layer

A

reticular layer

71
Q

pacinian corpuscles are Large ovoid structures found in __ and __

A

dermis and hypodermis

72
Q

Myelinated nerve ending surrounded by a capsule consisting of concentric lamellae

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

73
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles detect __ and __

A

pressure and vibration

74
Q

meissner’s corpuscles are located within

A

dermal papillae of hairless skin

75
Q

Flattened __ cells form lamellae

A

Schwann

76
Q

meissner’s corpuscles detect

A

light touch

77
Q

Unmyelinated nerve endings follow spiral paths in

A

meissner’s corpuscles

78
Q

Derived from down-growths of epidermal epithelium during development

A

Epidermal Skin Appendages

include hair follicles
hair
eccrine sweat glands
apocrine sweat glands
sebaceous oil glands
79
Q

elongated filamentous, keratinized structures that project from hair follicles

A

hair

80
Q

responsible for the production and growth of a hair •Found along the surface of almost the entire body, but definitely NOT associated with thick skin

A

hair follicle

81
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle, Smooth muscle extending from __ to __

A

onnective tissue sheath surrounding hair follicle to papillary layer of dermis

82
Q

Contraction of __ causes hair to “stand on end”, resulting in “goosebumps”

A

arrector pili m.

83
Q

•Widely distributed •Simple coiled tubular gland•Merocrine secretion •Thermoregulatory •Excretes wastes and excess salts

A

Eccrine Sweat(Sudoriferous) Glands

84
Q

Eccrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands ;
Double layer of epithelial cells
_ cells are larger and appear lighter
Located deep in dermis or upper part of hypodermis

A

secretory portion of eccrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands

85
Q

Eccrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands ;
Double layer of small cuboidal cells (i.e., stratified cuboidal epithelium)
_ cells are smaller and appear darker

Leads to epidermal surface

A

duct portion of eccrine sweat glands

86
Q
  • Axillary & perineal regions of body
  • Viscous, protein-rich sweat
  • Product secreted into hair follicles
  • Merocrine secretion; misnomer
  • Coiled tubular glands with very wide lumens
  • Become functional at puberty
  • Bacterial breakdown of sweat leads to body odor
A

apocrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands

87
Q

Very wide lumen
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Eosinophilic cytoplasm
Found in upper part of hypodermis (most commonly) or deep in dermis

A

secretory portion of Apocrine Sweat(Sudoriferous) Glands

88
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium (2-3 layers thick)
Narrow lumen;
Empties into follicle canal, not surface

A

duct portion of Apocrine Sweat(Sudoriferous) Glands

89
Q

lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by gland

A

sebum

90
Q 
Branched acinar gland
Sebum–lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by gland
Secretes into hair follicle
Holocrine secretion
Involved in acne development
A

sebaceous (oil) gland

Gross Anatomy - Unit 3 (5 decks)

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