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Anatomy Test 2 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integument comprised of (5)

A

Skin, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, nails

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2
Q

Skin functions (5)

A

reception, protection, regulation of body temperature, excretion, absorption

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3
Q

Mechanoreceptor types (4)

A

merkel disc, meissner’s corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle, ruffini organ

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4
Q

Epidermis

A

-4-5 cell layers constantly shed and replaced
-produces keratin, pigment, and immune cells
-no dedicated blood supply
-derived from ectroderm
free nerve endings

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5
Q

Dermis

A
  • CT containing collagen and elastin fibers
  • Contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles and glands
  • major role in formation and adhesion of epithelial cells
  • derived from mesoderm
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6
Q

Hypodermis (superficial fascia)

A

loost CT with adipose cells

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7
Q

Rete apparatus

A

interface between epidermis and dermis made of raised ridges of dermis (dermal ridges/papillae) and invaginations of epidermis (epidermal ridges)

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8
Q

Cell type in epidermis

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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9
Q

4 cell populations in epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, merkel cells

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10
Q

Five zones of keratinocytes

A

stratum basale (germinativum), stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (not always present), stratum corneum

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11
Q

Keratinocytes produce

A

keratin, lipids, lipoproteins, lamellar bodies

Two types of granules:

  • keratohyalin granules: not membrane bound, contain keratin filaments, toughen skin
  • lamellar bodies
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12
Q

largest population of cells in skin

A

keratinocytes

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13
Q

Cytomorphosis

A

changes that cells undergo during development. Occurs at night in keratinocytes.

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14
Q

desmosomes

A

-on lateral cell membrane of keratinocytes attaching stratum basale cells to each other and to cells of stratum spinosum

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15
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

basally located. Attach basal cell membrane to basal lamina

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16
Q

Stratum corneum

A

cytoplasm of cells replaced by keratin

17
Q

stratum granulosum

A

substance from keratohyalin granules combines with the tonofibrils converting them to keratin

18
Q

upper stratum spinosum

A

cells begin to produce keratohyalin granules

19
Q

lower stratum spinosum

A

tonofilaments merge into bundles called tonofibrils

20
Q

stratum basale

A

cells begin synthesizing intermediate filaments called tonofilaments

21
Q

lamellar bodies

A

AKA membrane coating granules

  • membrane bound
  • contain glycophospholipid
  • waterproof the skin
22
Q

waterproofing of skin

A
  • lipids make hydrophobic barrier
  • in stratum granulosum lipid contents of lamellar bodies are extruded into the intercellular spaces
  • keratinocytes also produce lamellar bodies
23
Q

melanocytes

A

in stratum basale. Contain tyrosinase

24
Q

tyrosinase pathway

A
  • tyrosinase transported into cell and converted to melanin by tyrosinase
  • melanin transferred to keratinocytes via melanosomes to keratinocytes
25
Q

Langerhans cells (dendritic cells)

A
  • contain birbeck granules (unknown function)

- phagocytosis and antigen presenting cells

26
Q

Merkel cells

A
  • respond to light touch
  • associated with sensory nerves which traverse basal lamina of the epidermis
  • always found in rete apparatus at lowest point of epidermis
27
Q

Papillary layer of dermis

A
  • type III collagen
  • elastic fibers
  • anchoring fibrils (VII)
  • capillary loops
  • CT cells
28
Q

Reticular layer of dermis

A
  • type I collagen
  • elastic fibers
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous (oil) glands
  • hair follicles
  • smooth muscle cells
29
Q

Glands in reticular layer of dermis

A
  • Sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine

- Sebaceous glands

30
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

-merocrine secretion (excretion via exocytosis)

31
Q

myoepithelial cells

A
  • have characteristics of smooth muscle but of epithelial origin
  • wrap around secretory units (acini) and some small ducts
  • contractions help excretions from gland
32
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A
  • found only in axilla (arm pit), areola of nipple and anal region
  • ducts of apocrine glands open into canals of hair follicles
33
Q

Sebaceous glands

A
  • NOT found in palms of hands, soles of feet, and sides of feet
  • in dermis
  • secretes sebum
  • associated with hair follicles
34
Q

sebum

A

wax like, oily mix of cholesterol, triglycerides, etc. From sebaceous glands

35
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A
  • deep pressure/ vibration receptor

- in dermis

36
Q

ruffini organ

A
  • stretch receptor

- in dermis

37
Q

meissener corpuscle

A
  • light touch receptor

- in dermis

38
Q

merkel disks

A
  • light touch receptor

- in epidermis

39
Q

free nerve endings

A
  • pain receptor

- in epidermis

Anatomy Test 2 (6 decks)

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