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Medical Terminology- Abby > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

androgen

A

genetic term for an agent (usually a hormone) that stimulates development of male characteristics. Also regulate the production of sebum.

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2
Q

ductule

A

very small duct

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3
Q

homeostasis

A

state in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain an internal environment within tolerable levels, despite changes in the external environment.

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4
Q

outer layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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5
Q

sublayers of outer skin layer

A

stratum corneum, basal layer

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6
Q

strata

A

sublayers of epidermis

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7
Q

stratum corneum

A

outer layer of epidermis. composed of dead, flat, keratinized cells

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8
Q

basal layer

A

deep layer of epidermis. composed of living cells. contains melanocytes that produce melanin.

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9
Q

melanocytes

A

specialized cells that produce pigment melanin. contained in basal layer of epidermis.

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10
Q

melanin

A

pigment that helps protect against UV rays

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11
Q

second layer of skin

A

dermis (aka corium)

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12
Q

dermis

A

layer of skin just deep to epidermis. contains lymph, capillaries, nerve endings, hair, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.

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13
Q

third layer of skin

A

subcutaneous (AKA hypodermis). connects dermis to underlying structures. composed of loose connective tissue and fat that is interlaced w/ blood vessels.

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14
Q

name the accessory organs of the skin

A

glands (sudoriferous and sebaceous), hair, nails

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15
Q

describe the structure of a hair follicle

A

hair shaft (visible portion), root (embedded in dermis), papilla is a loop of capillaries at the base of the root that is surrounded by a layer of epidermis that eventually becomes the hair shaft.

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16
Q

papilla

A

loop of capillaries at the base of a hair follicle

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17
Q

adip/o

A

fat (adiposis- abnormal condition of fat)

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18
Q

lip/o

A

fat (lipcele- hernia containing fat)

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19
Q

steat/o

A

fat (steatitis- inflammation of fatty tissue)

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20
Q

cutae/o

A

skin (subcutaneous- pertaining to beneath the skin)

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21
Q

dermat/o

A

skin (dermatoplasty- surgical repair of the skin)

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22
Q

derm/o

A

skin (hypodermic- pertaining to under the skin)

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23
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat (hidradenitis- inflammation of the sweat glands)

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24
Q

aden

A

gland

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25
Q

sudor/o

A

sweat (sudoresis- profuse sweating) (-esis is condition)

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26
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry, scaly (ichthyosis- abnormal condition of dry or scaly skin

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27
Q

adiposis

A

abnormal condition of fat

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28
Q

lipocele

A

hernia containing fat

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29
Q

steatitis

A

inflammation of fatty tissue

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30
Q

dermatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the skin

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31
Q

hidradenitis

A

inflammation of the sweat glands

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32
Q

sudoresis

A

profuse sweating; also called hyperhidrosis

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33
Q

ichtyosis

A

abnormal condition of dry or scaly skin

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34
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue; hard; cornea

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35
Q

keratosis

A

abnormal condition of horny tissue

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36
Q

melan/o

A

black

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37
Q

melanoma

A

black tumor

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38
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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39
Q

dermatomycosis

A

fungal infection of the skin

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40
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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41
Q

onychomalacia

A

softening of the mails

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42
Q

ungual

A

pertaining to the nails

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43
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

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44
Q

pil/o

A

hair

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45
Q

trich/o

A

hair

46
Q

pilonidal

A

pertaining to the hair in a nest (nid: nest)

47
Q

trichopathy

A

disease involving the hair

48
Q

scler/o

A

hardening; sclera

49
Q

scleroderma

A

hardening of the skin

50
Q

seb/o

A

sebum, sebaceous

51
Q

seborrhea

A

discharge of sebum

52
Q

squam/o

A

scale

53
Q

squamous

A

pertaining to scales

54
Q

xen/o

A

foreign, strange

55
Q

xenograft

A

skin transplant from a foreign donor

56
Q

xer/o

A

dry

57
Q

-cyte

A

cell (lipocyte- fat cell)

58
Q

-derma

A

skin (pyoderma- pus in the skin)

59
Q

pyoderma

A

pus in the skin

60
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

61
Q

cryotherapy

A

use of cold in the treatment of diease

62
Q

lesions

A

areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, would, or injection. can be localized or systemic

63
Q

primary lesions

A

initial rxn to pathologically altered tissue (may be flat or elevated)

64
Q

secondary lesions

A

changes that take place in primary lesions due to infection, scratching, trauma, or stage of disease

65
Q

macule

A

flat primary lesion: flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1cm in diameter

66
Q

excoriations

A

secondary lesion: linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis

67
Q

fissure

A

secondary lesion: small slit or crack-like sore that extends into the dermal layer; could be caused by continuous inflammation and drying

68
Q

Rule of Nines

A

estimation of total burn SA (see diagram in notes)

69
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common type of skin cancer, affects basal layer of epidermis, slow growing, rare to metastasize

70
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

arises from pathological keritinization of epidermal cells, can metastasize, can be SCCis or SCCinvasive

71
Q

malignant melanoma

A

malignant cancer of melanocytes, can metastasize to the lungs, liver, brain

72
Q

abcess

A

localized collection of pus at infection site (characteristically a staphlococcal infection)

73
Q

furuncle

A

boil, localized abcess at site of hair follicle

74
Q

carbuncle

A

large furuncles with connecting channels form carbuncles

75
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles, characteristic lesions include comedones, inflammatory papules and pustules, nodules and cyts

76
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, endocrine disorder, drug rxn, anticancer medication, or skin disease

77
Q

comedo

A

typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum

78
Q

dermatomycosis

A

infection of the skin caused by fungi

79
Q

ecchymosis

A

skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area (bruise)

80
Q

eschar

A

dead matter that is sloughed off from surface of skin especially after a burn

81
Q

keratosis

A

thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (such as a callus or wart)

82
Q

apllor

A

paleness (abnormal)

83
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

84
Q

petechia

A

minute pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin

85
Q

pressure ulcer

A

inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to tissues

86
Q

prurutis

A

intense itching

87
Q

purpura

A

any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes producing ecchymoses or petechiae

88
Q

tinea

A

fungal skin infection

89
Q

urticaria

A

hives, allergic rxn of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale, red elevated patches

90
Q

verruca

A

epidermal growth caused by a virus (warts)

91
Q

chemical peel

A

chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses

92
Q

cryosurgery

A

use of subfreezing temperature (LN2) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue such as tumors, warts, unwanted cancerous, or infected tissue

93
Q

debridement

A

removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents. used to promote healing and prevent infection.

94
Q

dermabrasion

A

rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away the epidermis. used to remove acne scars, tattoos, and scar tissue

95
Q

fulguration

A

tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current; also called electrodesiccation

96
Q

photodynamic therapy (PDT)

A

procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a rxn that destroys cells.

97
Q

biopsy

A

representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination

98
Q

needle

A

removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle attached to a syringe

99
Q

punch

A

removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch

100
Q

allograft

A

homograft, transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another

101
Q

autograft

A

transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another in the same individual

102
Q

xenograft

A

heterograft, transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human

103
Q

heterograft

A

transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human

104
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

105
Q

CA

A

cancer; chronological age; cardiac arrest

106
Q

ID

A

intradermal

107
Q

IMP

A

impression

108
Q

TNM

A

tumor-node-metastasis

109
Q

ung

A

ointment

110
Q

XP, XDP

A

xeroderma pigmentosum

Medical Terminology- Abby (15 decks)

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