Digestive System Flashcards by Abigail Wager

bilirubin

orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by the liver to form bilirubin and eventually excreted in the feces

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bolus

mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed

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exocrine

gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

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sphincter

circular band of muscle fibers that constrict a passage or close a natural opening of the body

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triglycerides

organic compound, a true fat that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids. in the blood, triglycerides combine with proteins to form lipoproteins. the liver synthesizes lipoproteins to transport fats to other tissues, where they are a source of energy.

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oral cavity

mouth

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list the structures of the alimentary canal in order

mouth (oral cavity), pharynx, esophagus, lower esophageal (cardiac sphincter), stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anus

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name the structures of the small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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name the structures of the upper GI tract

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

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name the structures of the large intestine

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum (NOT anus)

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mastication

chewing

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enamel

outer layer of teeth

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dentin

major component of teeth, deep to enamel

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pulp

deepest layer of tooth, below dentin. contains nerves and blood vessels

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gingiva

gums

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deglutition

moving food to back of mouth for swallowing

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papillae

rough projections on tongue that contain taste buds

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epiglottis

small flap that closes over trachea during swallowing

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where does most of the digestion in the stomach occur?

pylorus

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rugae

microscopic folds w/i stomach lining that contain glands that secrete HCl and enzymes for digestion

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chyme

semiliquid food that has been digested by HCL/enzymes and mechanical digestion in the stomach.

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what valve separates the small and large intestines?

ileocecal valve

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or/o

mouth

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stomat/o

mouth

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stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth

gloss/o

tongue

gloosectomy

removal of all or part of the tongue

ling/o

tongue

bucc/o

cheek

cheil/o

lip

cheiloplasty

surgical repair of a defective lip

labi/o

lip

dent/o

teeth

odont/o

teeth

orthodontist

orth (straight) odonto (teeth)

gingiv/o

gums

gingivectomy

excision of disease gingival tissue

sial/o

saliva

sialolith

calculus formed in a salivary gland or duct

esophag/o

esophagus

esophagoscop

instrument for examining the esophagus

pharyng/o

pharynx

pharyngotonsillitis

inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils

gastr/o

stomach

gastralgia

stomach pain

pylor/o

pylorus

pylorospasm

involuntary contraction of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; as in pyloric stenosis

duoden/o

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

duodenoscopy

visual examination of the duodenum

enter/o

intestine (usually the small intestine)

entropathy

diease of the intestine

jejun/o

jejunum

jejunorrhaphy

suture of the jejunum

ile/o

ileum (third part of small intestine)

ileostomy

creation of an opening between the ileum and abdominal wall

append/o

appendix

appendic/o

appendix

col/o

colon

colostomy

creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

colon/o

colon

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

sidmoidotomy

incision of the sigmoid colon

rect/o

rectum

rectocele

herniation or proturusion of the rectum

proct/o

anus, rectum

proctologist

physician who specializes in treating the disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

an/o

anus

perianal

pertaining to the area around the anus

hepat/o

liver

hepatomegaly

enlargement of the liver

pacreat/o

pancreas

pancreatolysis

destruction of the pancreas (caused by pancreatic enzymes)

cholangi/o

bile vessel (cholangiole- small terminal portion of the bile duct) (-ole- small)

chol/e

bile, gall

cholelith

gallstone

cholecyst/o

gallbladder (cyst- bladder)

choledonch/o

bile duct

choledochoplasty

surgical repair of the bile duct

-emesis

vomit

-iasis

abnormal condition (produced by something specified) (cholelithiasis- abnormal condition of gallstones)

-megaly

enlargement

-orexia

appetite (anorxeia- without appetite)

-pepsia

digestion (dyspepsia- difficult or painful digestion)

-phagia

swallowing

-prandial

meal (postprandial- after a meal)

-rrhea

discharge, flow

steatorrhea

discharge of fat in fecal matter

dia-

through, accross

anorexia

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat (NOT anorexia nervosa)

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

borborygmus

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

cholelithiasis

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

cirrhosis

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease.

dysphagia

painful swallowing (AKA aphagia)

fecalith

fecal concretion

hematemesis

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophacus

pyloric stenosis

structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine.

regurgitation

backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach.

ileorectal anastomosis

surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy as is sometimes performed in the treatment in UC.

intestinal anastomosis

surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; AKA enteroenterostomy

enteroenterostomy

intestinal anastomosis, surgical connection of two portions of the intestines.

colostomy

creation of an opening between part of colon thru abdominal wall to outside to divert fecal flow into colostomy bag.

lithotripsy

crushing a stone and eliminating fragments surgically using US waves.

polypectomy

excision of a polyp.

gastrointestinal endoscopy

visual examination of the GI tract using endoscope. way to ID bleeding, abnormalities, ulcerations, tumors.

sialography

radiological examination of the salivary glands and ducts.

barium

BaE, BE

barium enema

ESWL

extracorporeal shock-wave

EUS

endoscopic US

GBS

gallbladder series

GER

gastroesophageal reflux

HAV

Hep A virus

HBV

Hep B virus

HCV

Hep C virus

HDV

Hep D virus

HEV

Hep E virus

LFT

liver function test

OCG

oral cholecystography

PUD

peptic ulcer disease

R/O

rule out

UGIS

upper gastrointestinal series

phag/o

swallowing, eating