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Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

0
Q

Skin, hair, nails, and excretory glands

A

Integumentary system

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1
Q

Largest organ

A

Skin

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2
Q

Epidermis and dermis

A

Cutaneous membrane

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3
Q

Part of the integumentary system containing hair, nails, and excretory glands

A

Accessory organs

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4
Q

Fat layer of skin that protects major blood vessels

main

A

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

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5
Q

Functions of integumentary system

A 
Protection
Excretes salts
Maintains body temp
Formation of vitamin D
Storage of nutrients
Touch receptors
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6
Q

Layer of skin that reduces friction, protects, and keeps out microorganisms

A

Epidermis

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7
Q

Cause hardening of skin

A

Keratinocytes

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8
Q

Palms and soles of feet

A

Thick epidermis

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9
Q

Eyelids and belly button

A

Thinnest epidermis

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10
Q

Layers of epidermis (deepest to surface)

Bennes Says Good Luck Children

A 
Stratum Balsale 
     "       Spinosum
     "       Grandulosum
     "       Lucidium
     "       Corneum
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11
Q

Deepest layer of epidermis, creates fingerprints, undergo mitosis

A

Stratum Balsale

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12
Q

Sensitive to touch

A

Merkel cells

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13
Q

Brown pigment cells

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

Above Balsale layer, cells are still dividing

A

Stratum spinosum

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15
Q

Cells that fight infection

A

Langerhan’s cells

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16
Q

Above spinosum, mitosis stops, make keratin

A

Stratum granulosum

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17
Q

Only found in thick skin areas, densely packed, filled with keratin

A

Stratum lucidium

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18
Q

Surface layer, 15-20 layers, water resistant

A

Stratum corneum

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19
Q

Gradual evaporation throughout the day (1/2 L per day)

A

Insensible perspiration

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20
Q

Perspiration out of glands

A

Sensible perspiration

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21
Q

Caused by epidermal pigments and dermal circulation

A

Skin color

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22
Q

(Orange-yellow) pigment that can be changed into vitamin A, benefits vision

A

Carotene

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23
Q

(Brownish-yellow-black) pigment that protects against UV rays

A

Melanin

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24
Q

(Red-pink) pigment of skin found in blood, carries oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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25
Q

“Flushed skin” (red)

A

Dilated vessels

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26
Q

“Cyanosis” (blue)

A

Constricted vessels

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27
Q

Blood vessels expand making you look more red. When they restrict you look more blue

A

Dermal circulation

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28
Q

Inner layer of skin beneath the epidermis

A

Dermis

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29
Q

Loss of elastin in the dermis due to UV exposure

A

Wrinkles

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30
Q

Light touch (why we feel wind blowing)

A

Meissner corpusles

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31
Q

Heavy pressure, pain (why we feel a punch)

A

Pacinian corpusles

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32
Q

Layer of skin that stabilizes, is an energy source, contains elastic fibers, and made up of fat

A

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

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33
Q

5 million on body, 90-95% are nonliving, form in hair follicles

A

Hair

34
Q

Anchors hair into skin

A

Root

35
Q

Surrounds hair follicle and connects in to blood vessels and nerves

A

Hair bulb

36
Q

Above the skin (structure of hair)

A

Hair shaft

37
Q

Outer surface (dead, hardened layer) hair

A

Cuticle

38
Q

Part of cuticle that is the middle layer and has a thick layer of keratin

A

Cortex

39
Q

Part of cuticle that is the inner core and is flexible/soft

A

Medulla

40
Q

First hair to form in the embryo

A

Lanugo

41
Q

Fine hair on the body

A

Vellus

42
Q

Heavy, dark, coarse, curly hair

A

Terminal

43
Q

Round follicles make this type of hair

A

Straight

44
Q

Flat follicles make this type of hair

A

Curly

45
Q

Caused by melanin levels

A

Hair color

46
Q

High levels of melanin

A

Dark hair

47
Q

Low levels of melanin

A

Light hair

48
Q

Functions of hair

A

Protect
Insulate
Clean air
Sensory

49
Q

Smooth muscles that are attached to hairs and make them sand on end

A

Arrector pili muscles

50
Q

Hair grows for 2-5 years, 1/2 inch each month, gets nutrients from blood

A

Hair production

51
Q

Hair at the end of its life, gets pushed out buy new hair

A

Club hair

52
Q

Oil glands connected to hair follicles, Holocrine glands, sebum

A

Sebaceous glands

53
Q

Ducts of oil glands

A

Lumen

54
Q

Oily secretion from glands

A

Sebum

55
Q

“Sudoriferous”

A

Sweat glands

56
Q

Type of sweat gland:
Secrete into hair follicles
Odor,sticky,cloudy
Starts at puberty

A

Apocrine glands

57
Q

Type of sweat gland:
“Merrocrine”
More numerous and smaller
2-5 million

A

Eccrine

58
Q

Functions of sweat glands

A

Cool body temp
Release water and electrolytes
Protect against bacteria and viruses

59
Q

Gland that releases milk

A

Mammary

60
Q

Gland that releases ear wax

A

Ceruminous

61
Q

Dead, hardened, and tightly packed cells

A

Nails

62
Q

Visible part of the nail

A

Nail body

63
Q

Front of nail

A

Free edge

64
Q

Skin sides that touch nails

A

Nail folds

65
Q

End of finger tip (under nail free edge)

A

Hyponychium

66
Q

Non-visible back of nail

A

Nail root

67
Q

Cuticle

A

Eponychium

68
Q

White 1/2 moon at the base of nail

A

Lunula

69
Q

Steps of skin repair

A

Bleeding occurs
Scab forms,epidermal cells move ⬇️
Fibroblast form new skin tissue
Scab is shed

70
Q

Aging and the affect on the integumentary system

A 
Epidermis gets thin
Langerhan cells decrease
Melanocyte activity decreases 
Blood supply reduced 
Skin repair slows down
71
Q

Burn that causes pain and redness (epidermis)

A

1st degree

72
Q

Burn that causes blisters and pain (epidermis and dermis)

A

2nd degree

73
Q

Burn that causes loss of sensation and needs grafts for repair (all layers)

A

3rd degree

74
Q

Redness of the skin

A

Erythema

75
Q

20% burns or more are dangerous due to:

A

Fluid loss
Cannot control temp
Bacterial infection

76
Q

Wide spread body/blood infection

A

Sepsis

77
Q

3rd degree burn treatment

A

Replace fluids
Give nutrients
Prevent infection
Repair with grafts

78
Q

Epidermis and dermis is taken for grafts

A

Split thickness

79
Q

All layers are taken for grafts

A

Full thickness

80
Q

What is the acronym used to identify skin cancer

A 
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Elevation/enlargement
81
Q

Graft from an animal

A

Xenograft

81
Q

Graft from donor

A

Allograft

81
Q

Graft from yourself

A

Autograft

Anatomy (6 decks)

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