Integumentary System Flashcards
Integumentary System is
The largest organ system in the body that is comprised of the skin, hair, and nails
The largest organ system in the body that is comprised of the skin, hair, and nails
Integumentary System is
Together these structures protect from
injury, fluid loss, and microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, virus, fungus, yeasts); regulate body temperature and fluid balance; and provide sensation
Two layers make up human skin:
The epidermis & the Dermis
The epidermis & the Dermis
Two layers make up human skin
Five layers (stratum) of the epidermis
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basal
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basal
Five layers (stratum) of the epidermis
Stratum Corneum
the horny layer; outermost layer
the horny layer; outermost layer
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Clear layer normally found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
Clear layer normally found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Granular layer of cells that accumulate two types of granules; keratohyalin granules and lamellated granules
Granular layer of cells that accumulate two types of granules; keratohyalin granules and lamellated granules
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Composed of prickle cells
Composed of prickle cells
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basal
Composed of basal cells
Composed of basal cells
Stratum Basal
Two Layers of the Dermis
Stratum Papillare & Stratum Reticulare
Stratum Papillare & Stratum Reticulare
Two Layers of the Dermis
Stratum Papillare
Thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis
Thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis
Stratum Papillare
Stratum Reticulare
Thick layer of dense, irregular connective tissue
Stratum Reticulare
Thick layer of dense, irregular connective tissue
Dermis Extra Information
The dermis also contains vessels carrying blood and lymph, nerves and nerve endings, glands, and hair follicles. The dermis lies on the
subcutaneous (beneath the skin) tissue
Subcutaneous Tissue (hypodermis)
not considered to be a layer of the skin, mostly composed of fatty or adipose tissue, plus some areolar tissue, the fibrous connective tissues referred to as superficial fascia is included in this layer
not considered to be a layer of the skin, mostly composed of fatty or adipose tissue, plus some areolar tissue, the fibrous connective tissues referred to as superficial fascia is included in this layer
Subcutaneous Tissue (hypodermis)
Two Separate Structures of Hair
Follicle & Shaft
Follicle Structure
the base is a bulb-like projection, called a papilla. Capillaries nourish the bulb. Inner and outer sheaths protect and mold the growing hair shaft surrounding the follicle. The inner sheath ends at the opening of the sebaceous gland, which secretes sebum that may pocket to cause benign lesions on the scalp. Muscles, called the arrector pili, attach to the outer sheath and cause the hair to stand up when they contract
the base is a bulb-like projection, called a papilla. Capillaries nourish the bulb. Inner and outer sheaths protect and mold the growing hair shaft surrounding the follicle. The inner sheath ends at the opening of the sebaceous gland, which secretes sebum that may pocket to cause benign lesions on the scalp. Muscles, called the arrector pili, attach to the outer sheath and cause the hair to stand up when they contract
Follicle Structure
Three Layers of the Shaft
medulla, cortex, and cuticle
medulla, cortex, and cuticle
Three Layers of the Shaft
Six Layers of the Nail
Root, Nail Bed, Nail Plate, Cuticle, Perionychium, & Hyponychium
Root, Nail Bed, Nail Plate, Cuticle, Perionychium, & Hyponychium
Six Layers of the Nail
Nail Root (germinal matrix)
lies beneath the skin behind the fingernail and extends several millimeters into the finger, its edge is the white, crescent-shaped structure called the lunula
lies beneath the skin behind the fingernail and extends several millimeters into the finger, its edge is the white, crescent-shaped structure called the lunula
Nail Root (germinal matrix)
Nail Bed (sterile matrix)
extends from the edge of the lunula to the hyponychium, contains the blood vessels, nerves, and melanocytes (melanin-producing cells)
extends from the edge of the lunula to the hyponychium, contains the blood vessels, nerves, and melanocytes (melanin-producing cells)
Nail Bed (sterile matrix)
Nail Plate
translucent keratin, blood vessels underneath give the nail its pink appearance, the grooves along the inner length of the nail plate anchor the nail to the nail bed
translucent keratin, blood vessels underneath give the nail its pink appearance, the grooves along the inner length of the nail plate anchor the nail to the nail bed
Nail Plate
Cuticle (eponychium)
between the skin of the finger and the nail plate that fuses the skin of the finger to the nail plate
between the skin of the finger and the nail plate that fuses the skin of the finger to the nail plate
Cuticle (eponychium)
Perionychium (paronychial edge)
the skin that overlies the nail plate on its sides
the skin that overlies the nail plate on its sides
Perionychium (paronychial edge)
Hyponychium
is the junction between the free edge of the nail and
the skin
is the junction between the free edge of the nail and
the skin
Hyponychium
