integumentary system Flashcards
list
the 5 layers of the epidermis
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
Can Lemurs Get Some Bamboo?
list
the 4 accessory structures of the skin
- hair
- nails
- sweat glands
- sebaceous glands
define
stratum spinosum
*spiney layer held together by desmosomes
* provides strength and support to the skin
define
stratum basale
the deepest layer of the epidermis, where new skin cells are generated; contains melanocytes
define
papillary dermis
- upper layer of the dermis
- made of loose connective tissue
- network of blood vessels supplying the epidermis above
- forms ridges that connect with the epidermis
- contains touch receptors
define
reticular layer
- deeper, thicker layer of the dermis, made of dense connective tissue
- provides strength and elasticity
- houses structures like sweat glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels
define
stratum lucidum
a thin, clear layer found only in thick skin (e.g., palms and soles), offering additional protection
define
sweat glands
and list the 2 types
- glands that produce sweat to help regulate body temperature and excrete waste products
- eccrine glands & aprocrine glands
define
eccrine glands
widely distributed glands producing watery, odorless sweat for temperature regulation
define
stratum corneum
outermost layer of the epidermis, made up of dead, flattened skin cells that provide a protective barrier
define
apocrine glands
- sweat glands found mainly in armpits and genital areas
- secretes a thicker, odorless sweat that can cause body odor
define
sebaceous glands
glands in the skin that secrete sebum (an oily substance) into hair follicles to lubricate and protect the skin and hair
define
arrector pili muscle
small smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that contracts in response to cold or fear, causing the hair to stand upright (goosebumps) and helping to trap heat
define
shaft (hair)
the visible part of the hair that extends above the skin surface, made of keratin.
list
the 2 dermal layers of skin
- papillary layer
- reticular layer
define
root (hair)
the part of the hair located below the surface of the skin, embedded in the follicle
define
desmosomes
protein complexes that bind two cells together
define
follicle (hair)
the deep structure in the skin where the hair grows from, surrounding the root
define
stratum granulosum
the layer of skin where cells begin to die and form a waterproof barrier, helping to prevent fluid loss
define
bulb (hair)
the rounded base of the hair root, where hair growth originates
define
sensory receptors
- specialized structures in the skin and other tissues that detect stimuli and send signals to the nervous system
- help perceive sensations like touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
list
the parts of the nail
- plate
- bed
- free edge
- hyponychium
- eponychium (cuticle)
- lateral folds
- root
- matrix
define
epidermal ridges
- raised patterns on the surface of the epidermis that form fingerprints and help increase friction for better grip
- located in the stratum basale layer
define
papillary ridges
dermal papillae (small, finger-like projections) in the upper dermis that interlock with the epidermal ridges to strengthen the connection between the epidermis and dermis
how are fingerprints formed?
from the interaction of the epidermal ridges with the underlying dermal papillae
list
the 3 basic patterns found in fingerprints
arches, loops, whirls
