Integumentary System Flashcards
integumentary system
made of skin and its accessory structure
integumentary fxns:
regulation of temp, blood reservoir, protection, cutaneous sensations, excretion and absorption, synthesis of vitamin D
skin
different tissues that are joined together to perform specific functions and is the largest organ of the body
dermatology
medical specialty that deals with diagnosing and treating skin disorders
superficial layer
epidermis- composed of epithelial tissue
second deeper layer
dermis- primary composed of connective tissue
deepest layer
subcutaneous/ hypodermis- consists of areolar and adipose tissue
epidermis
composed of stratified squamos epithelium
keratinocytes
produce keratin (fiberous) which helps to protect the skin and the underlying tissue and releases a waterproof sealant, these are 90% of the cells
Langerhans cells
participate in immune responses
melanocytes
produce the pigment melanin which contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging UV light
stratum spinosum
8-10 layers of keratinocytes, 2nd deepest layer
stratum basale
contains some stem cells capable of cell division to form new cells, deepest layer of the epidermis
merkel cells
help with tactile and provides the sensation of touch
stratum granulosum
shows the formation of a water repellent sealant between the cells, the cells look grainy
reticular layer
deepest dermis layer
stratum corneum
most superficial layer and consists of mainly dead skin cells
stratum lucidum
only present in fingers, palms, and soles for extra padding/ protection
dermis
made of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
epidermal ridges
increase friction for better grasping ability and provide the basis for fingerprints and footprints. The ridges typically reflect contours of the underlying dermis.
albinisim
an inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin
papillary layer
dermal papillae, corpuscles of touch (Meissner’s corpuscles), and free nerve endings for sensations of heat, cold, pain, tickle, and itch, most superficial dermis layer
skin color is due to three pigments…
melanin (yellow-red/ brown-black), carotene (orange), hemoglobin (red which is in the blood in capillaries)
vitiligo
the complete or partial loss of melanocytes from patches of the skin resulting in irregular white spots
accessory structures
hair, glands, and nails
hairs/ pili
all over body other than palms, soles, and plantars, consists of a shaft, root, and a hair follicle, associated with them are the sebaceous glands and arrector pili muscle
lanugo hair
fine, non-pigmented hair that covers the fetus
hair growth altering
can be altered by illness, diet, high fever, surgery, blood loss, severe emotional stress, and gender
terminal hair
hair that appears in response to androgens and hair of the head, eyelashes, and eyebrows + facial hair
vellus hair
is a short, fine hair that replaces lanugo, all over the body
hair fxn;
protection, decrease in heat loss, and sensing light touch
sebaceous glands
usually connected to hair follicles , produce sebum, acne results from the oil build up
eccrine sweat glands
have an extensive distribution, to regulate body temperature through evaporation
sudoriferous (sweat) gland
broken into two different kinds, apocrine and eccrine
apocrine sweat glands
limited in distribution to the skin of the axilla, pubis, and areolae
modified sweat gland
modified sudoriferous glands that produce a waxy substance celled cerumen
Nails
hard, keratinized epidermal cells, principal parts of a nail are the nail plate, free edge, root, and lunula, help in grasping and manupulating small objects, and protection against trauma
inflammatory phase
a bloot clot unites the would edges epithelial cells migrate across the wound, vasodilatation and increased permability of blood vessels deliver phagocytes and fibroblasts form
migratory phase
epithelial cells beneath the scab bridges the wound
proliferative phase
events of the migratory stage intesify
maturation phase
the scab sloughs off, the epidermis is restored to normal thickness
metastasized
when cancerous cells spread
basal cell carcinoma
most common effects the stratum basale
squamos cell carcinoma
found in areas of high exposure (ears, lips, scalp)
malignant melanomas
arise in the melanocytes, metastasizes rapidly, life threatening (melanoted parts of your body like moles)
ABCDE
asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, and elevation
1st degree burn
redness, pain, no blisters
2nd degree burn
blisters, epidermis and dermis damaged, pain
3rd degree burn
epidermis, dermis, and subQ destroyed, extreme water loss, skin graft, 70% is most likely to be fatal
autograft
from same person
homograft
from another person
xenograft
from another species
synthetic skin
facilited skin
pressure sores
due to deficiency of blood to tissue from laying on a bony prominence for so long
