Integumentary System Flashcards
What type of tissue is the epidermis
stratified squamous epithelium
What type of tissue is the dermis
connective tissue (collagen/elastin, smooth muscle tissue, nerves & blood)
What type of tissue is the hypodermis
loose connective tissue & adipose
What type of cells are hair made up of?
epidermal cells
what type of cells are nails made up of?
specialized epithelial cells
Function of skin is to…?
Protective covering that prevents water loss and microbial infection
Allows one to have sensory stimulus
Formation of vitamin D through sun exposure
Function of hair?
Warmth and protection
Function of nails?
Protection
Layers of the skin
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Stratum membrane
Explain what occurs constantly in the epidermis?
Mitotic cell division occurs in cuboidal cells that occurs in the deepest layer called the stratum basale. As more cells are produced in the stratum basale, the epithelial cells shift upward. These cells become keratinized when they reach the middle epidermal layer called the stratum granulosum. Keratin is tough, protein fiber.
Role of melanocytes
The melanin absorbs UV radiation shielding DNA from mutation.
explain why skin cancer occurs
Skin cancer is when UV radiation causes the DNA within the epithelial cells to rapidly divide.
What does sunscreen do?
Sunscreen works to either block or absorb UV radiation from damaging the DNA within skin cells.
Sebaceous glands function and location
Keeps hair/nails soft and near hair follicles
Eccrine glands function and location
Lowers body temperature (sweat) near hair follicles
Apocrine glands function and location
Involved in emotional sweat such as stress, fear & pain and near hair follicles in armpits & groin
Hair phases in order
Anagen
Catagen
Telogen
Exogen
Anagen
The growth phase in which mitosis causes the epidermal cells to divide every 23 to 72 hours.
Catagen
A phase in which the hair stops growing. The hair become a club hair after detaching from the hair papilla.
Telogen
The hair is at rest for about 100 days.
Exogen
The phase in which the hair is shed. A new hair has already formed within the hair follicle, and is undergoing mitotic cell division.
Eumelanin affects what and how
black or brown hair
Pheomelanin affects what and how
red or blonde hair
Mechanoreceptors (dermis and epidermis)
Perceive pressure, vibration & texture
Thermoreceptors (dermis)
Perceive temperature
Nocireceptor/free nerve endings (dermis and epidermis)
Perceive pain
Integumentary Biofeedback Loop (Negative)
The outside temperature increases causing the blood temperature to increase
The hypothalamus detects the temperature change
The vessels dilate and the eccrine glands secrete sweat
The sweat evaporates from the skin and cools the body down
Integumentary Biofeedback Loop (Positive)
The outside temperature decreases causing the blood temperature to decrease
The hypothalamus detects the temperature change
The vessels constrict and the body shivers
The shriving generates heat and the constricted vessels minimize heat loss, warming the body up
