Integumentary System

Question 1

What type of tissue is the epidermis

Answer 1

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

What type of tissue is the dermis

Answer 2

connective tissue (collagen/elastin, smooth muscle tissue, nerves & blood)

Question 3

What type of tissue is the hypodermis

Answer 3

loose connective tissue & adipose

Question 4

What type of cells are hair made up of?

Answer 4

epidermal cells

Question 5

what type of cells are nails made up of?

Answer 5

specialized epithelial cells

Question 6

Function of skin is to…?

Answer 6

Protective covering that prevents water loss and microbial infection
Allows one to have sensory stimulus
Formation of vitamin D through sun exposure

Question 7

Function of hair?

Answer 7

Warmth and protection

Question 8

Function of nails?

Answer 8

Protection

Question 9

Layers of the skin

Answer 9

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Stratum membrane

Question 10

Explain what occurs constantly in the epidermis?

Answer 10

Mitotic cell division occurs in cuboidal cells that occurs in the deepest layer called the stratum basale. As more cells are produced in the stratum basale, the epithelial cells shift upward. These cells become keratinized when they reach the middle epidermal layer called the stratum granulosum. Keratin is tough, protein fiber.

Question 11

Role of melanocytes

Answer 11

The melanin absorbs UV radiation shielding DNA from mutation.

Question 12

explain why skin cancer occurs

Answer 12

Skin cancer is when UV radiation causes the DNA within the epithelial cells to rapidly divide.

Question 13

What does sunscreen do?

Answer 13

Sunscreen works to either block or absorb UV radiation from damaging the DNA within skin cells.

Question 14

Sebaceous glands function and location

Answer 14

Keeps hair/nails soft and near hair follicles

Question 15

Eccrine glands function and location

Answer 15

Lowers body temperature (sweat) near hair follicles

Question 16

Apocrine glands function and location

Answer 16

Involved in emotional sweat such as stress, fear & pain and near hair follicles in armpits & groin

Question 17

Hair phases in order

Answer 17

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen
Exogen

Question 18

Anagen

Answer 18

The growth phase in which mitosis causes the epidermal cells to divide every 23 to 72 hours.

Question 19

Catagen

Answer 19

A phase in which the hair stops growing. The hair become a club hair after detaching from the hair papilla.

Question 20

Telogen

Answer 20

The hair is at rest for about 100 days.

Question 21

Exogen

Answer 21

The phase in which the hair is shed. A new hair has already formed within the hair follicle, and is undergoing mitotic cell division.

Question 22

Eumelanin affects what and how

Answer 22

black or brown hair

Question 23

Pheomelanin affects what and how

Answer 23

red or blonde hair

Question 24

Mechanoreceptors (dermis and epidermis)

Answer 24

Perceive pressure, vibration & texture

Question 25

Thermoreceptors (dermis)

Answer 25

Perceive temperature

Question 26

Nocireceptor/free nerve endings (dermis and epidermis)

Answer 26

Perceive pain

Question 27

Integumentary Biofeedback Loop (Negative)

Answer 27

The outside temperature increases causing the blood temperature to increase
The hypothalamus detects the temperature change
The vessels dilate and the eccrine glands secrete sweat
The sweat evaporates from the skin and cools the body down

Question 28

Integumentary Biofeedback Loop (Positive)

Answer 28

The outside temperature decreases causing the blood temperature to decrease
The hypothalamus detects the temperature change
The vessels constrict and the body shivers
The shriving generates heat and the constricted vessels minimize heat loss, warming the body up