integumentary system

Question 1

2 major tissue layers of skin

Answer 1

-epidermis
-dermis

Question 2

-dense connective tissue
-vascular
-average of 10-20 times thicker than epidermis

Answer 2

Dermis

Question 3

-superficial layer
-stratified aquamos epithelium, cornified or keratinized

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

the layers of epidermis

Answer 4

-stratum basale (stratum germinatum)
-stratum spinosum (pricky layer)
-stratum granulosum (granular layer)
-stratum lucidum (clear layer)
-stratum corneum (horny layer)

Question 5

-contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments

Answer 5

Stratum Spinosum (pricky layer)

Question 6

2 types of granules

Answer 6

-keratohyaline granules
-lamellar granules

Question 7

formed from dead cells of a deeper strata, occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet

Answer 7

Stratum lucidum (clear layer)

Question 8

outermost layer of the epidermis

Answer 8

Stratum corneum (horny layer)

Question 9

the stratum corneum can thicken to form a coned-shaped structure called a?

Answer 9

Corn

Question 10

in skin subjected to friction, the no. of layers in the stratum corneum greatly increases, producing a thickened area called a?

Answer 10

Callus (hard skin)

Question 11

what are the cells in the epidermis?

Answer 11

-keratinocytes
-melanocytes
-dendritic cells/intraepidermal cells
-tactile cells

Question 12

what are the layers of dermis?

Answer 12

-papillary layer
-reticular layer

Question 13

polymer made of tyrosine amino acids

Answer 13

Melanin

Question 14

what are the ff.?
-yellow to red
-brown to black

Answer 14

-Pheomelanin
-Eumelanin

Question 15

-precursor of vit. A needed for vision
-lipid-soluble
-orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables
-accumulates in the stratum corneum and in fatty tissue of the hypodermis

Answer 15

Carotene

Question 16

A decrease in ________, as occurs in shock, can make the skin ________.

Answer 16

• blood flow
  -skin appear pale

Question 17

A decrease in the blood O2, content produces a bluish color of the skin called?

Answer 17

Cyanosis

Question 18

what are the alterations of skin color? (give brief definition on each)

Answer 18

•Cyanoytic - skin appear bluish
• Redness (erythema) - due to embarassment, inflammation, fever, hypertension, allergy
•Pallor (blanching) - stress, fear, anemia, low blood
•Jaundice (yellowing) - liver disorder, gallbladder
•Depigmentation - vitiligo (skin condition)
•Bronzing - primary adrenial insufficiency
•Albinism - genetic disorder
•Bruises - hematomas

Question 19

Types of Hair growth

Answer 19

-lanugo
-vellus hair
-terminal hair