Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology I > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system (basic definition)

A

Comprised of skin, hair and nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Layers of skin (outer to inner) (3)

A

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis (also called subcutaneous tissue layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functions of skin (4)

A

Absorb ultraviolet light to produce vitamin D for bone development

Sensory receptors and glands for protection of skin and underlying tissues

Protects against extreme temperature changes

Protection from pathogenic microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

If organisms make it past skin, lymphatic system mounts the attack to defend the body’s internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Merkel’s cells and Meissner’s corpuscles (same function)

A

Mechanoreceptors that detect mechanical sensory information in the form of light touch and vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nociceptors

A

Detect pain, such as from a pin prick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Detect mechanical sensory information of pressure applied to skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Detect hot and cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Release secretions through duct into epithelial surface or lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Multicellular glands

A

Glands set within epithelial tissue and release their contents through a duct to the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sebaceous glands (2)

A

Oil glands that produce sebum to keep skin and hair from drying out

Inhibit growth of harmful organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands) (2)

A

Produce sweat in almost every part of skin

Help body regulate its temperature through process called thermoregulation (release of heat from body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Perspiration

A

The release of sweat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium (layered and flat)

A

Substance of epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Epidermis (description) (4)

A

Made of stratified squamous epithelium

Avascular (no direct blood supply)

Four distinct layers

Adhered to basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cell renewal (Epidermis) (2)

A

Cells of stratum basale divide and push toward surface (renewal of skin cells - 30 days)

Superficial layer of the stratum corneum contains dead cells (slough off from friction after two weeks at surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basal lamina

A

Basement membrane, which provides nutrients to epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4 layers of epidermis (superficial to deep)

A

Stratum corneum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale (adhered to basement membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of stratum basale

A

Cells divide to replenish skin (30 days to move from stratus basale to surface of skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Epidermal ridges (2)

A

Ridges in stratum basale

Unique to individuals (ex. fingerprints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Melanocytes (2)

A

Produce pigment called melanin

Absorb ultraviolet rays and determines skin color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Langerhans cells (2)

A

Immune cells

First line of defense for body, helping identify microorganisms before they reach the body

23
Q

Merkel cells

A

Sensory receptor that responds to light touch

24
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Produce a tough substance called keratin, which results in keratinozation of epidermis to toughen and protect it

25
Fibroblast cells
Produce collagen, which helps to adhere the cells of the epidermis to each other and give skin elasticity
26
Dermis (definition and contents) (4)
Second layer of skin Contains sweat glands, oil glands and sensory organs Contains Meissner corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles High water content
27
Two regions of dermis (2)
Papillary region Reticular region
28
Easy test for dehydration
Pinch skin on back of hand to see if skin stays pinched
29
Reticular region of dermis contents
Network of blood vessels to provide main blood supply for skin
30
Contusion (or bruise)
Damage to blood vessel in dermis resulting in leakage of blood into dermis
31
Hypodermis (definition (3) and layers (2))
Deepest layer of skin made mostly of fat cells (adipocytes). Anchored to layer of fat cells Helps insulate and regulate body temperature Protects deeper tissues and organs from inuries Layer 1 - Subcutaneous fat Layer 2 - Subcutaneous tissue
32
Dermatomes (2)
Region of skin innervated by one sensory nerve Each region of skin innervated by a spinal nerve except the face (which is innervated by a cranial nerve)
33
Hair components (2)
Root (in dermis layer - has bulb and blood vessels) Shaft
34
Hair characteristics (3)
Extends through epidermis to external surface of skin Made of dead epidermal cells converted to keratin Sebaceous gland found at the root of each follicle
35
Arrector pili muscle
Smooth muscle connected to hair follicle that contracts when body is cold or experiences emotional responses
36
Nails
Made of dead epidermal cells converted to keratin
37
Nail body
Visible portion of each nail
38
Nail root
Not visible portion of nail
39
Cuticle
Nail root covering visible portion of nail
40
Lunula (nail)
Visible portion of the nail bed near the nail root, which is crescent shaped
41
Tissue (definition and composition) (2)
Comprised of cells which are similar in structure and function Made of cells and matrix
42
Matrix (extracellular material) composition (3)
Ground substance (extracellular fluid) Protein Collagen fibers
43
Why is tissue repair important? (2)
Prevents blood loss Prevents microorganisms from entering bloodstream
44
Tissue repair steps (7)
1) Blood platelets from broken blood vessel start to accumulate in the area of tissue damage 2) Clot formed from platelets, secreting a mesh-like substance to prevent blood loss 3) Mast cells release histamine, a chemical that helps dilate blood vessels to bring increased blood and nutrients to injured area 4) Histamines initiate a local inflammatory response, which signals other cells 5) Macrophages (white blood cells) engulf and destroy disease causing pathogens 6) Fibroblasts help secrete new collagen in shape of old tissue 7) Remodeling - tissue matures and cells take on original functions
45
Clot
Mesh like substance composed of platelets to protect a wound
46
Mast cells
Release histamine Cause local inflammatory response, including increased blood flow to injured area and signaling other cells to move toward injured site
47
Macrophages (white blood cells)
Cells that engulf and destroy disease causing pathogens
48
Fibroblasts
Help secrete new collagen in shape of old tissue to repair a wound
49
Scar
If wound is too deep An overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue that cannot be fully replaced by original tissue
50
First degree burns (superficial burns)
Only damage epidermis layer of the skin Example: Mild sunburn
51
Second degree burns (partial thickness burns) (3)
Damage epidermis and part of the dermis layers of skin Turn red and form blisters Painful Examples: cooking injury, severe sunburn, exposure to fire
52
Third degree burns (full thickness burns) (3)
Damage epidermis, entire dermis and may extend to subcutaneous layer of skin Injured skin looks white and may have "charred" appearance Extremely painful Examples: Scalding liquid, exposure to hot object for long period, exposure to fire
53
Fourth degree burns (2)
Damage epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and underlying tissue such as muscle and bone. No sensation because nerve endings are destroyed
54
Skin graft (2)
Burn treatment where healthy skin is taken from a person's own body and grafted on top of damaged area Decreases recovery time and prevents infection

Anatomy and Physiology I (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions