Integumentary system Flashcards
What is the integumentary system?
Set of organs that forms external covering of the body
What does the integumentary system protect the body from?
Infections, desiccation, abrasion, chemical assault, radiation damage
What does the integumentary system consist of?
Hair
Nails
Skin
Glands
The skin is composed of how many layers? What does each layer have?
3
Nerves that recognise different sensations in each layer
What is the epidermis?
Top layer of the skin, thinnest layer
Can be seen & touched
What is the epidermis made up of? How many cells are within this?
Epithelium
4 main types of cells
-Keratinocytes
-Melanocytes
-Langerhans cells
-Merkel cells
What is the dermis?
What does it contain?
Middle layer of the skin
Thickest layer
Contains sweat & oil glands & hair follicles
What is the hypodermis?
What does it do?
Bottom layer of the skin
Fatty layer that helps insulate the body.
What do nails do?
Protect the ends of fingers and toes
What is the anatomy of a nail? (5 things)
Nail plate
Nail bed
Cuticle
Matrix
Lunula
What is the nail plate?
Hard part of nail that can be seen
What is the nail bed?
Skin under the nail plate
What is a cuticle?
Thin skin at base of nail
What is the matrix?
Root of the nail, responsible for making it grow
What is the lunula?
White, moon - shaped part of nail plate
What does hair on the head do?
Keeps heat in the body
What do eyebrows & eyelashes do?
Protect eyes from dirt & water
What protein is hair made out of?
What does this protein do?
Keratin
Maintains growth
The hair is made of 3 parts, what are these?
Shaft
Follicle
Bulb
What is the hair shaft?
Part of the hair that can be seen & touched
What is the hair follicle?
Tube like structure that keeps hair in skin
What is the hair bulb?
Located under the skin, responsible for growth
What are hair erector muscles connected to?
Our hair follicles and skin.
What happens when the hair erector muscles contract?
Hair stands up
We see goosebumps when these tiny muscles contract.
Where are glands found?
Throughout the skin
What materials do glands release?
Water, oil, salt from under the skin to the surface
How many glands are in the integumentary system? What are these?
3
Sudoriferous
Ceruminous glands
Mammary glands
What do sudoriferous glands do?
Secrete sweat through the skin
What do ceruminous glands do?
Secrete ear wax
What do mammary glands do?
Produce milk after giving birth
What are some common skin disorders?
Fungal infections i.e. ringworm
Bacterial infections i.e. Impetigo, Cellulitis
Pressure ulcers
Burns
What do eccrine glands do?
React to heat & produce secretions
