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Integumentary system > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What do Keratinocytes produce?

A

Keratin

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2
Q

What does keratin do?

A

-Protects the skin & tissues below
-Responsible for production of water-resistant properties of the skin
-Prevents entry of foreign matter

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3
Q

What pigment does Melanocytes produce?

A

Melanin

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4
Q

What does Melanin do?

A

-Natural colour of skin
-Helps defend against damaging effects of the sun

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5
Q

What happens to melanocytes when exposed to the sun?

A

Multiply the quantity of melanin to absorb ultraviolet rays

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6
Q

What are moles(naevi)?

A

Group of melanocytes that lie close together

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7
Q

Do we all have the same number of melanocytes?
Do black & brown people have more?

A

Roughly the same
No, same amount but produce more pigment

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8
Q

What are Langerhans cells a part of?
Where do they arise from?

A

Part of the immune system
Arise from red bone marrow

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9
Q

What do Langerhans cells do?

A

Regulate immune reactions in the skin as a defence to microorganisms that invade

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10
Q

What do Merkel cells do?
What do they sit against?

A

-Capable of detecting touch sensations
-Sensory nerve ending or tactile disc

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11
Q

There are layers of keratinocytes, these are?

A

Stratum…basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum etc

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12
Q

What membrane does the stratum basale lie on?
Is it the deepest layer of the epidermis?

A

Basal membrane
Yes

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13
Q

What does the stratum basale provide a border between?

A

Between the dermis & epidermis

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14
Q

What cells originate from the stratum basale?
What older cells are pushed up through this layer until they reach the surface?

A

Stem or mother cells
Daughter cells

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15
Q

What does the stratum spinosum lie above?
What does this provide to the skin?

A

Above the stratum basale
Provides flexibility & strength to the skin

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16
Q

How many layers of flattened keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum?

A

3-5 layers

17
Q

What do the cells contain in the stratum granulosum?

A

Granules

18
Q

What lipid does the stratum granulosum form?

A

Water-resistant lipid

19
Q

What does the stratum granulosum protect the body from?

A

From losing excess fluid
Guards against entry of microbes

20
Q

What do the cells undergo in the stratum granulosum?

A

Cells undergo apoptosis (lose nucleus) prior to dying
Cells become brittle & compact
Process known as keratinisation

21
Q

What layer is the stratum corneum?

A

Outer layer of the epidermis

22
Q

What is the stratum corneum made up of?

A

Scale like layers that are dead & overlap with each other

23
Q

What is the main component of the dead cells within the stratum corneum?

A

Keratin

24
Q

What do the cells in the stratum corneum do?

A

Provide structural strength

25
Q

Why is the surface of the stratum corneum covered with lipids?

A

To provide a protective barrier

26
Q

Why is the area in the stratum corneum being continuously rubbed off?

A

Constant friction

27
Q

What part of the skin is the dermis?

A

The deepest
Lies directly below the epidermis

28
Q

What is the dermis mainly made up of?
What does it contain?

A

Deep connective tissue
Contains collagen & elastic fibres

29
Q

What is embedded within the dermis?

A

Blood vessels
Lymph vessels
Nerves
Smooth muscles
Sweat glands
Hair follicles
Sebaceous glands

30
Q

What does the elastic system within the dermis allow?

A

Allows skin to flex with movement
Allows it to return to normal shape

31
Q

What two layers can the dermis be divided into?

A

Papillary aspect
Reticular aspect

32
Q

What is the primary function of eccrine glands?

A

Thermoregulation

33
Q

How do the eccrine glands achieve thermoregulation?

A

Through cooling effect of evaporation of sweat

34
Q
A

Integumentary system (2 decks)

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