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Medical Terminology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Integumentary System

A

Integument - Skin
Integumentary Sytstem consists of skin and it’s appendages - hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands.

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2
Q

cutane/o
dermo/o
dermat/o
-derma (suffix

A

Skin

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3
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sense movement of the skin

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4
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Touch, very sensitive, common in fingertips

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5
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Pressure

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6
Q

Nocioceptors

A

Pain stimuli

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7
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

There are different receptors for cold and heat.
Extreme temps are registered by the nocioceptors

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8
Q

adip/o
lip/o

A

Fat
Lipoma - slow-growing, fatty lump that’s most often situated between your skin and the underlying muscle layer.

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9
Q

asethesi/o

A

Sensation, feeling
Anaesthesia

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10
Q

albin/o

A

White
Albinism

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11
Q

caus/o

A

Burn, burning

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12
Q

cauter/o

A

Heat, bn
Cautery - an instrument or a caustic substance used for cauterizing.
the action of cauterizing something.

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13
Q

diaphor/o

A

Profuse sweating
Diaphoretic - used to produce perspiration

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14
Q

epitheli/o

A

Epithelium - Epithelial tissues are widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands. They perform a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.

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15
Q

erythem/o
erythemat/o

A

Red

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16
Q

hidr/o

A

Sweat
Hidrosis - Sweating

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17
Q

hist/o
histi/o

A

Tissue
Histology - The microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope. Often called microscopic anatomy and histochemistry, histology allows for the visualization of tissue structure and characteristic changes the tissue may have undergone.

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18
Q

icthy/o

A

Scaly, dry
Ichthyoid - resembling or characteristic of a fish.

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19
Q

kerat/o

A

Hard, horny tissue, cornea
Keratosis - Keratosis pilaris is a common, mostly harmless skin condition that causes small, rough, white or reddish bumps or patches on the skin. While it can occur at any age, keratosis pilaris most commonly affects children and adolescents. The symptoms often improve and then disappear entirely early in adult life.

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20
Q

leuc/o
leuk/o

A

White

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21
Q

lip/o
stear/o
steat/o

A

Fat

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22
Q

melan/o

A

Black
Melanoma - The most serious type of skin cancer, develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin — the pigment that gives your skin its color. Melanoma can also form in your eyes and, rarely, inside your body, such as in your nose or throat.

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23
Q

myc/o

A

Fungus, mold
Mycosis - diseases caused by a fungus (yeast or mold).

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24
Q

onych/o
Ungu/o

A

Nail

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25
Q

pil/o

A

Resembling or composed of hair

26
Q

scler/o

A

Hardening, sclera
Sclerodermatitis - an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and fibrosis (thickening) in the skin and other areas of the body.

27
Q

seb/o
sebace/o

A

Sebum - An oily substance that protects your skin from drying out.
Sebaceous - Sebaceous glands are glands within your hair follicles that produce an oily substance called sebum.

28
Q

trich/i
trich/o

A

Hair

29
Q

xanth/o

A

Yellow

30
Q

xer/o

A

Dry
Xeroderma - Also known as dry skin

31
Q

Pachy- (prefix)

A

Thick

32
Q

Par - (prefix)

A

Near, aside, apart from, other than, beyond, against

33
Q

5 layers of the skin

A
  • Stratum basale
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum licidum
  • Stratum corneum
34
Q

Stratum basale

A

The stratum basale is in the deepest layer of your epidermis. New skin cells develop in this layer.

35
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

The stratum spinosum is between the stratum basale and granulosum layers. This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes held together by sticky proteins called desmosomes (dez-mo-soam). The stratum spinosum helps make your skin flexible and strong.

36
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis lying above the stratum spinosum and below the stratum corneum (stratum lucidum on the soles and palms). Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer.

37
Q

Stratum licidum

A

Stratum lucidum, 2-3 cell layers, present in thicker skin found in the palms and soles, is a thin clear layer consisting of eleidin which is a transformation product of keratohyalin.

38
Q

Stratum corneum

A

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and marks the final stage of keratinocyte maturation and development. Keratinocytes at the basal layer of the epidermis are proliferative, and as the cells mature up the epidermis, they slowly lose proliferative potential and undergo programmed destruction.

39
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin, i.e. the pigment that gives skin its colour.

40
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

The immune cells of the skin.

41
Q

Epedermis

A

Outermost layer of the skin. It protects the body, keeps the body hydrated, produces new skin and has melanin which determines skin colour. The thinnest layer of skin.

42
Q

Dermis

A

The middle layer of the skin. The dermis supports and protects the epidermis and the deeper layers of the skin. The dermis is the thickest layer of skin and gives the skin it’s structure

43
Q

Melanin

A

Melanin is a substance in your body that produces hair, eye and skin pigmentation. The more melanin you produce, the darker your eyes, hair and skin will be. The amount of melanin in your body depends on a few different factors, including genetics and how much sun exposure your ancestral population had.

44
Q

Keratin

A

Keratin is a protein that helps form hair, nails and your skin’s outer layer (epidermis). It helps support your skin, heal wounds and keep your nails and hair healthy. There are 54 kinds of keratin in your body.

45
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Microscopic glands found in your hair follicles that secrete sebum. Sebum is an oily substance that protects your skin from drying out. Sebaceous glands can clog, so you can keep your glands healthy by following a skin care routine that includes cleansing and moisturizing your skin.

46
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Sweat gland. The sweat produced by the apocrine glands is fatty and known as sebum. It lubricates the skin, and digestion of the fatty molecules by bacteria that colonise the skin produces body odour. As a general rule, apocrine glands are located wherever there is body hair.

47
Q

Eccrine glands

A

Sweat gland. Eccrine glands produce watery, salty sweat the purpose of which is to regulate body temperature. As the sweat is evaporated it cools the skin. The hair follicles assist in temperature regulation, standing upright to trap warm air close to the skin when we are feeling cold.

48
Q

Atrophic skin

A

Paper-thin, wrinkled skin. Atrophy refers to wasting of a tissue.

49
Q

Excoriation

A

A hollowed-out or linear crusted area caused by scratching, rubbing, or picking at the skin.

50
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickened skin that has accentuated skin-folds or creases that appear as deep grooves and wrinkles. Lichenification is produced by prolonged scratching.

51
Q

Macule

A

A flat, discoloured spot of any shape less than 3/8 inch in diameter. Freckles, flat moles, port-wine stains, and many rashes are macular. A patch is like a macule, but larger.

52
Q

Nodule

A

A solid bump, deeper and easier to feel than a papule that may be raised. A nodule sometimes appears to form below the surface of the skin and press upward.

53
Q

Papule

A

A solid bump less than 3/8 inch in diameter. Warts, insect bites, skin tags, and some skin cancers are papules.

54
Q

Plaque

A

A flat, raised bump or group of bumps typically more than 3/8 inch in diameter.

55
Q

Pustule

A

Blister containing pus.

56
Q

Scales

A

Areas of heaped-up, dead epidermal cells, producing a flaky, dry patch. Scales occur with psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and many other disorders.

57
Q

Scar

A

An area where normal skin has been replaced by fibrous (scar-forming) tissue. Scars form after destruction of some part of the dermis. Keloids are raised scars that sit proud of the surround skin and are often more pale in colour. They occur in African Americans and those of African descent and the reason they occur is not fully understood. It is an excessive healing response of the integument.

58
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Dilated blood vessels within the skin that have a twisted appearance and that whiten (blanch) on pressure.

59
Q

Ulcer

A

Like an erosion only deeper penetrating at least part of the dermis. The causes are the same as for erosions.

60
Q

Vesicle

A

A small, fluid-filled spot less than 1/5 inch in diameter. A blister (bulla) is a larger vesicle. Insect bites, herpes zoster (shingles), chickenpox, burns, and irritations form vesicles and blisters.

61
Q

Wheal (hive)

A

Swelling in the skin that produces an elevated, soft, spongy area that appears relatively suddenly with a red colour and then disappears. Wheals are common allergic reactions to drugs, insect bites, or something that touches the skin.

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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