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Honors Anatomy and Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of layers in thick skin

A

5 layers

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2
Q

Amount of layers in thin skin

A

4 layers

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3
Q

Layers of thick skin (deep to superficial)

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum,

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4
Q

What layer is NOT included in thin skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

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5
Q

Location of thin skin

A

Everywhere besides palms and soles

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6
Q

Location of thick skin

A

Palms of hands and soles of feet

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7
Q

Melanin

A

Group of pigments determining color of skin, hair, and eyes

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8
Q

True/False - All races have the same number of melanocytes

A

True

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9
Q

Carotene

A

A yellow pigment in carrots and squash - (Vitamin A)

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10
Q

Cyanosis

A

Decrease in blood oxygen - appear blue/purple

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11
Q

Accessory Structures

A

Hair, nails, glands, and muscle

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12
Q

Portion of hair above skin surface

A

Hair shaft

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13
Q

Portion of hair below skin surface

A

Hair root

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14
Q

Base of hair root

A

Hair bulb

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15
Q

Center of hair

A

Medulla

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16
Q

T/F: People with lighter skin have melanocytes that work harder

A

False

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17
Q

T/F: Hair bulb produces hair

A

True

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18
Q

Abundance of melanin in the hair

A

Dark hair

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19
Q

Trichosiderin

A

A pigment found only in red hair

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20
Q

Pigmented + unpigmented hair

A

Gray hair

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21
Q

Intermediate quantity of pigment in hair

A

Blonde hair

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22
Q

Arrector pilli

A

Raises hair, contraction causes goosebumps

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23
Q

Types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine (merocrine) & Appocrine sweat glands

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24
Q

What tissue mainly makes up the dermis?

A

Dense Connective Tissue

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25
Q

What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?

A

Hypodermis

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26
Q

What tissue(s) make up the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer?

A

Loose Connective Tissue and Adipose Connective Tissue

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27
Q

Location of eccrine sweat glands

A

Forehead, neck, and back (Top of the epidermis)

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28
Q

Location of apocrine sweat glands

A

Axillary region and groin (Hair follicles)

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29
Q

What do ceriminous glands produce?

A

Ear wax

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30
Q

What do mammary glands secrete?

A

Milk in females

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31
Q

Nail plate

A

Visible part of the nail

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32
Q

Nail root

A

Part of nail covered by skin

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33
Q

What do the nail root and nail body attach to?

34
Q

What is the fastest growing nail?

A

Middle Finger

35
Q

What is the slowest growing nail?

36
Q

Lunula

A

Whitish, crescent shape at the base of the nail

37
Q

What kind of tissue is located in the epidermis?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue

38
Q

Which layer of the skin goes through mitosis?

A

Stratum Basale

39
Q

What layer of skin gets the LEAST amount of blood supply?

A

Stratum Corneum

40
Q

What layer of the skin gets the MOST amount of blood supply?

A

Stratum Basale

41
Q

What is skin color determined by?

A

Pigments, blood, and the thickness of stratum corneum

42
Q

Albinism

A

Recessive gene for melanin deficiency

43
Q

How does a suntan occur?

A

UV exposure stimulating melanin production

44
Q

T/F - People with darker skin have melanocytes that work the same amount as people with lighter skin do.

A

False; People with darker skin have melanocytes that work harder compared to those with lighter skin

45
Q

What is the most common sweat gland in the body?

A

Eccrine (Merocrine) Gland

46
Q

What is another word for eponychium?

47
Q

Temperature for hypothermia?

A

Falls below 95°

48
Q

Temperature for hyperthermia?

A

Goes above 106°

49
Q

How does a person die from hyperthermia?

A

Denaturation - DNA unravels

50
Q

What happens to a person who has Hyperthermia?

A

Skin becomes flushed, hot, and dry
Person becomes weak, dizzy, and nauseous
Develops headache and an irregular pulse

51
Q

Symptoms of Hypothermia

A

Loss of coordination, stiff muscles, slow + shallow breathing

52
Q

What happens when the core temperature falls to 88°?

A

The skin turns blue/grey, consciousness slips away

53
Q

Stratum Basale vs. Stratum Corneum

A

Basale: Deepest layer of epidermis, direct blood supply, made up of columnar and cuboidal ET
Corneum: Most superficial layer of epidermis, lacks blood supply, made up of stratified squamous ET

54
Q

T/F: Shallow wounds involve the epidermis and dermis

A

False; A shallow wound only involves the epidermis

55
Q

What happens if a wound extends into the dermis or deeper?

A
  1. Blood vessels break, forming a clot
  2. The blood clot and dried tissue fluids forms a scab (protects underlying tissue)
  3. Fibroblasts migrate into the wound and form new collagen fibers (similar to stitches)
  4. Phagocytic cells remove dead cells and other debris
  5. Scab falls off
  6. Newly formed connective tissue MAY appear as a scar
56
Q

T/F: Scars stick out because they are made of connective tissue

A

True; Fibroblast C.T. are responsible for scars. Since the epidermis is made out of E.T., the scar sticks out because it is made up of different tissue

57
Q

Superficial Partial Thickness Burn

A

1st-degree burn

58
Q

Deep Partial Thickness Burn

A

2nd-degree burn

59
Q

Full Thickness Burn

A

3rd-degree burn

60
Q

How does a superficial partial thickness burn happen?

A

Sunburn or quick exposure to hot/cold

61
Q

T/F: A superficial partial thickness burn leaves scarring

A

False; A superficial partial thickness burn (1st-degree) leaves NO SCARRING

62
Q

T/F: A superficial partial thickness burn heals quickly

A

True; A 1st degree burn heals quickly after the surface layer is shed

63
Q

Which layer(s) of the skin are affected after a deep partial thickness burn?

A

Epidermis and Dermis

64
Q

How do deep partial thickness burns heal?

A

Healing of 2nd degree burns rely on accessory organs (hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands)

65
Q

How do accessory organs heal deep partial thickness burns?

A

Gives rise to a new epidermis in order to replace the area. IF there are no accessory organs in the area, skin from other places is used

66
Q

T/F; Full thickness burns don’t hurt

A

True; 3rd degree burns don’t hurt because the nervous tissue is destroyed

67
Q

What is the most common type of cancer?

A

Skin Cancer

68
Q

T/F; An extensive thickness burn may require a transplant

69
Q

Types of Transplants

A

Autograft, Artificial membranes, Skin substitute, Homograft

70
Q

Homograft

A

A type of transplant than uses skin from a cadaver

71
Q

Cadaver

72
Q

Autograft

A

A thin layer of skin from an unburned region of the body

73
Q

Calluses

A

Hard Skin - increase in number of layers in stratum corneum due to friction

74
Q

Location of Calluses

75
Q

How do melanomas differ from carcinomas?

A

Melanomas: Asymmetrical, Uneven edges, 2+ shades, Larger than 1/4 inch
Carcinomas: Symmetrical, Even Edges, One shade, Smaller than 1/4 inch

76
Q

Melanoma

A

Skin cancer originating from melanocytes (moles)

77
Q

Carcinoma

A

Skin cancers originating from epithelial cells

78
Q

What are the two main types of carcinomas?

A

Squamous cell carcinomas and Basal cell carcinomas

79
Q

T/F: Cutaneous carcinomas are the most common type of skin cancer

80
Q

How can you tell the difference between cutaneous carcinomas and cutaneous melanomas?

A

Asymmetry - Carcinomas are symmetrical and Melanomas are asymmetrical
Border - Carcinomas have even edges and Melanomas have uneven edges
Color - Carcinomas are one shade and Melanomas have 2+ shades
Diameter - Carcinomas are smaller than 1/4 inch and Melanomas are larger than 1/4 inch

Honors Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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