Integumentary System

Question 1

Integumentary system is comprised of:

Answer 1

Skin and accessory organs

Question 2

Characteristics of integumentary system

Answer 2

Largest organ
10-15% of BW
large surface area

Question 3

Functions of Integumentary system (6)

Answer 3

1. Protection/physical barrier
2. Sensory/communication
3. Excretory
4. Homeostasis
5. Secretory
6. Cutaneous absorption

Question 4

Thick skin measurements

Answer 4

6.0mm

Question 5

Thin skin measurements

Answer 5

0.5 mm

Question 6

Does thickness/texture vary with location?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Layers of skin

Answer 7

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (but not technically part of skin)

Question 8

Epidermis layer #

Answer 8

4-5 layers

Question 9

Dermis layer #

Answer 9

2 layers

Question 10

Hypodermis is _____________ tissue

Answer 10

subcutaneous tissue

Question 11

Outermost/thinnest layer of skin

Answer 11

Epidermis

Question 12

What cell type is the epidermis made of?

Answer 12

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 13

Epidermis: avascular/vascular?

Answer 13

avascular - nutrients diffuse from dermis

Question 14

Where is the epidermis derived from?

Answer 14

Ecoderm (germ layer)

Question 15

Layers of epidermis

Answer 15

5 layers present on thick skin (palms/soles)
4 layers present on thin skin (rest of body)

Question 16

Layers of epidermis (Deep to superficial)

Answer 16

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 17

Stratum Basale cell types

Answer 17

One layer of cuboidal cells - rests on basal lamina

Question 18

Stratum germinativum made of:

Answer 18

Stratum basale + stratum spinosum

Question 19

In stratum basale, stem cells CONSTANTLY ______________________

Answer 19

undergo mitosis to renew epidermis

Question 20

When cells move up and away from vascular supply, what happens?

Answer 20

Cells die

Question 21

Stratum spinosum cell type

Answer 21

Stratified polygonal-shaped cells

Question 22

Stratum spinosum layer characteristics

Answer 22

cells interconnected by spine-like projections
cells increase in size and flatten as move upward
Limited mitosis

Question 23

Stratum granulosum cell type

Answer 23

flattened cells containing dark granules

Question 24

Stratum granulosum layer characteristics

Answer 24

keratinization begins here (starting to die)
No mitosis (cells die off)
3-5 cell layers thick

Question 25

Stratum lucidum layer characteristics

Answer 25

ONLY present in palms/soles
no visible nuclei, organelles, or membranes
appears as clear layer filled with keratin

Question 26

Stratum corneum layer characteristics

Answer 26

25-30 layers of dead, scale like cells, constantly shed

Question 27

Stratum corneum cell types

Answer 27

Anucleate squamous filled with keratin (part of water barrier)
Hardening and flattening of cells as move to surface

Question 28

5 cell types of epidermis

Answer 28

Living keratinocytes
Dendritic cells
Tactile cells
Melanocyte
Stem cell

Question 29

Epidermis Layers Top to Bottom

Answer 29

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 30

Keratinocytes synthesize:

Answer 30

keratin

Question 31

Melanocytes synthesize:

Answer 31

melanin

Question 32

Where are keratinocytes found?

Answer 32

Most abundant cell type in epidermis

Question 33

Where are melanocytes found?

Answer 33

scattered in Stratum basale

Question 34

Where are Dendritic cells found?

Answer 34

Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum

Question 35

Where are tactile cells found?

Answer 35

Stratum basale

Question 36

Function of Dendritic cells

Answer 36

macrophages (clean up guys)

Question 37

Use of tactile cells

Answer 37

Mechanoreceptors for touch
Areas of acute sensory perceptions

Question 38

Types of surface patterns

Answer 38

Congenital
Acquired

Question 39

Congenital surface patterns

Answer 39

Friction of dermal ridges you’re born with

Question 40

Acquired surface patterns

Answer 40

Friction creases and friction lines acquired with repetitive motion and age
Deep creases in palms
Shallow creases in knuckles and forehead

Question 41

What gives individuals different tones of skin?

Answer 41

Amount of melanin produced - number of melanocytes are the same between races

Question 42

Carotene location

Answer 42

Found in epidermal cells - especially stratum corneum

Question 43

Carotene - is what?

Answer 43

Yellowish pigment

Question 44

Hemoglobin most prominent where?

Answer 44

Where blood vessels are close to the surface (lips)
O2 rich blood in surface capillaries gives skin pinkish color

Question 45

Dermis is derived from?

Answer 45

Mesoderm

Question 46

Layers of dermis

Answer 46

Papillary and reticular

Question 47

Dermis vascular?

Answer 47

Supplies nutrients to stratum germinativum to undergo mitosis
Thermoregulation (ANS)

Question 48

Dermis characteristics

Answer 48

Provides support via collagen and elastic fibers
Contains many hair follicles, glands, and nerve endings

Question 49

Papillary layer (stratum papillarosum) characteristics

Answer 49

Thin (20% of dermis)
Areolar tissue - loose CT allows passage of vessels, WBCs

Dermal papillae and Epidermal ridges fit together to attach dermis to epidermis to prevent slippage

Question 50

Dermal papillae and epidermal ridges produce?

Answer 50

Fingertips

Question 51

Reticular layer (stratum reticularosum) characteristics

Answer 51

Thick and tough (80%)
Dense irregular CT
Fibers form lines of tension
Very distensible (stretch)
Sweat glands, lymph vessels, smooth m. (piloerector), hair follicles, nerve endings