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Anatomy PTH5422 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system is comprised of:

A

Skin and accessory organs

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2
Q

Characteristics of integumentary system

A

Largest organ
10-15% of BW
large surface area

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3
Q

Functions of Integumentary system (6)

A
  1. Protection/physical barrier
  2. Sensory/communication
  3. Excretory
  4. Homeostasis
  5. Secretory
  6. Cutaneous absorption
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4
Q

Thick skin measurements

A

6.0mm

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5
Q

Thin skin measurements

A

0.5 mm

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6
Q

Does thickness/texture vary with location?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Layers of skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (but not technically part of skin)

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8
Q

Epidermis layer #

A

4-5 layers

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9
Q

Dermis layer #

A

2 layers

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10
Q

Hypodermis is _____________ tissue

A

subcutaneous tissue

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11
Q

Outermost/thinnest layer of skin

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

What cell type is the epidermis made of?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Epidermis: avascular/vascular?

A

avascular - nutrients diffuse from dermis

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14
Q

Where is the epidermis derived from?

A

Ecoderm (germ layer)

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15
Q

Layers of epidermis

A

5 layers present on thick skin (palms/soles)
4 layers present on thin skin (rest of body)

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16
Q

Layers of epidermis (Deep to superficial)

A

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

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17
Q

Stratum Basale cell types

A

One layer of cuboidal cells - rests on basal lamina

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18
Q

Stratum germinativum made of:

A

Stratum basale + stratum spinosum

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19
Q

In stratum basale, stem cells CONSTANTLY ______________________

A

undergo mitosis to renew epidermis

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20
Q

When cells move up and away from vascular supply, what happens?

A

Cells die

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21
Q

Stratum spinosum cell type

A

Stratified polygonal-shaped cells

22
Q

Stratum spinosum layer characteristics

A

cells interconnected by spine-like projections
cells increase in size and flatten as move upward
Limited mitosis

23
Q

Stratum granulosum cell type

A

flattened cells containing dark granules

24
Q

Stratum granulosum layer characteristics

A

keratinization begins here (starting to die)
No mitosis (cells die off)
3-5 cell layers thick

25
Q

Stratum lucidum layer characteristics

A

ONLY present in palms/soles
no visible nuclei, organelles, or membranes
appears as clear layer filled with keratin

26
Q

Stratum corneum layer characteristics

A

25-30 layers of dead, scale like cells, constantly shed

27
Q

Stratum corneum cell types

A

Anucleate squamous filled with keratin (part of water barrier)
Hardening and flattening of cells as move to surface

28
Q

5 cell types of epidermis

A

Living keratinocytes
Dendritic cells
Tactile cells
Melanocyte
Stem cell

29
Q

Epidermis Layers Top to Bottom

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

30
Q

Keratinocytes synthesize:

A

keratin

31
Q

Melanocytes synthesize:

A

melanin

32
Q

Where are keratinocytes found?

A

Most abundant cell type in epidermis

33
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

scattered in Stratum basale

34
Q

Where are Dendritic cells found?

A

Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum

35
Q

Where are tactile cells found?

A

Stratum basale

36
Q

Function of Dendritic cells

A

macrophages (clean up guys)

37
Q

Use of tactile cells

A

Mechanoreceptors for touch
Areas of acute sensory perceptions

38
Q

Types of surface patterns

A

Congenital
Acquired

39
Q

Congenital surface patterns

A

Friction of dermal ridges you’re born with

40
Q

Acquired surface patterns

A

Friction creases and friction lines acquired with repetitive motion and age
Deep creases in palms
Shallow creases in knuckles and forehead

41
Q

What gives individuals different tones of skin?

A

Amount of melanin produced - number of melanocytes are the same between races

42
Q

Carotene location

A

Found in epidermal cells - especially stratum corneum

43
Q

Carotene - is what?

A

Yellowish pigment

44
Q

Hemoglobin most prominent where?

A

Where blood vessels are close to the surface (lips)
O2 rich blood in surface capillaries gives skin pinkish color

45
Q

Dermis is derived from?

A

Mesoderm

46
Q

Layers of dermis

A

Papillary and reticular

47
Q

Dermis vascular?

A

Supplies nutrients to stratum germinativum to undergo mitosis
Thermoregulation (ANS)

48
Q

Dermis characteristics

A

Provides support via collagen and elastic fibers
Contains many hair follicles, glands, and nerve endings

49
Q

Papillary layer (stratum papillarosum) characteristics

A

Thin (20% of dermis)
Areolar tissue - loose CT allows passage of vessels, WBCs

Dermal papillae and Epidermal ridges fit together to attach dermis to epidermis to prevent slippage

50
Q

Dermal papillae and epidermal ridges produce?

A

Fingertips

51
Q

Reticular layer (stratum reticularosum) characteristics

A

Thick and tough (80%)
Dense irregular CT
Fibers form lines of tension
Very distensible (stretch)
Sweat glands, lymph vessels, smooth m. (piloerector), hair follicles, nerve endings

Anatomy PTH5422 (11 decks)

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