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Anatomy & Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin

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2
Q

skin derivatives

A

sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails

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3
Q

skin functions

A

mechanical, bacterial, chemical, thermal, ultraviolet, desiccation damage

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4
Q

aids in head regulation, excretion of urea and uric acid, synthesizes vitamin D

A

skin/skin functions

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5
Q

outer layer of skin, often keratinized

A

epidermis (stratified squamous epithelium)

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6
Q

dense connective tissue

A

dermis

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7
Q

not part of the skin, anchors skin to underlying organs, composed of adipose tissue

A

hypodermis

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8
Q

layers

A

strata

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9
Q

produced by melanocytes

A

pigment (melanin)

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10
Q

color is brown to black

A

melanin

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11
Q

mostly in the stratum basale

A

melanin

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12
Q

amount of melanin produced depends on genes and exposure to sunlight

A

true

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13
Q

two layers of the dermis

A

papillary layer, reticular layer

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14
Q

blood vessels, glands, nerve receptors

A

reticular layer

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15
Q

pain receptors, capillary loops, dermal papillae

A

papillary layer

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16
Q

*familiarize skin structure

A

done

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17
Q

Skin color determinants

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

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18
Q

yellow, brown, black pigments

A

melanin

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19
Q

orange-yellow pigment from vegetables

A

carotene

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20
Q

red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries. oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring

A

hemoglobin

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21
Q

produces oil, which acts as a lubricant for the skin and kills bacteria

A

sebaceous glands

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22
Q

glands are activated in adulthood

A

false

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23
Q

widely distributed in skin

A

sweat glands

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24
Q

two types of sweat glands

A

eccrine, apocrine

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25
Q

ducts empty into hair follicles

A

apocrine

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26
Q

opens via duct to pore on skin surface

A

eccrine

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27
Q

composition of sweat

A

metabolic waste, fatty acids and proteins (only in apocrine), mostly water

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28
Q

helps dissipate excess heat, excrete waste product, and inhibits bacteria growth

A

sweat

29
Q

odor is from associated bacteria

A

true

30
Q

produced by hair bulb, consists of keratinized epithelial cells

A

hair

31
Q

melanocytes provide pigment for hair color

A

true

32
Q

3 parts of the hair

A

medulla, cortex, cuticle

33
Q

innermost part of the hair

A

medulla

34
Q

outside of the cortex, most heavily keratinized

A

cuticle

35
Q

surrounds the medulla

A

cortex

36
Q

*study the hair structure

A

done

37
Q

scale-like modifications of the epidermis that are heavily keratinized

A

nails

38
Q

extends beneath the nail bed

A

stratum basale

39
Q

pigment has no effect on the color of the nail

A

false

40
Q

*study nail structure

A

done

41
Q

caused by skin homeostatic imbalances

A

infections/allergies

42
Q

caused by fungal infection

A

athlete’s foot

43
Q

caused by bacterial infection

A

boils and carbuncles

44
Q

caused by virus

A

cold sores

45
Q

exposures cause allergic reaction

A

contact dermatitis

46
Q

caused by bacterial infection

A

impetigo

47
Q

triggered by trauma, infection, stress, however the cause is unknown

A

psoriasis

48
Q

tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals

A

burns

49
Q

associated dangers to burns

A

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, circulatory shock

50
Q

method to determine extent of burns

A

rules of nines

51
Q

*study rule of 9s

A

done

52
Q

skin is red and swollen

A

1st degree burn

53
Q

burn is gray-white or black

A

3rd degree burn

54
Q

destroys entire skin layer

A

3rd degree burn

55
Q

skin is red with blisters

A

2nd degree burn

56
Q

epidermis is damaged

A

1st degree burn

57
Q

epidermis and upper dermis are damaged

A

2nd degree burn

58
Q

burns are only critical if

A

25% of body has second degree burns, 10% of body has 3rd degree burns, hands, face, or feet have 3rd degree burns

59
Q

abnormal cell mass

A

cancer

60
Q

two types of cancer

A

benign, malignant

61
Q

type of cancer that does not spread

A

benign

62
Q

metastasized to other parts of the body

A

malignant

63
Q

most common type of cancer

A

skin cancer

64
Q

types of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

65
Q

least malignant type and most common type of skin cancer, and arises from statum basale

A

basal cell carcinoma

66
Q

arises from stratum spinosum, metastasizes to lymph nodes. early removal of this has a higher chance of cure

A

squamous cell carcinoma

67
Q

most deadly skin cancer type and metastasizes to lymph and blood vessels

A

malignant melanoma

68
Q

*study ABCD rule

A

done

Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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