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Pathophys Ex 1 > Integumentary (Slides 1-19)- Mace > Flashcards

Integumentary (Slides 1-19)- Mace Flashcards

1
Q

The skin is composed of __________ (epithelium) and the _______ (CT)

A

epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

What are the derivatives of skin?

A

Hairs, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, nails

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3
Q

Is the hypodermis a part of the skin?

A

NO

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4
Q

The hypodermis is composed of ______ CT & _______ CT

A

Adipose CT & areolar CT

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5
Q

Can you name the layers of the skin from deep to superficial?

A

Beautiful skin gets loving care (Deep to superficial)

Basement membrane- Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratuem granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corenum

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6
Q

The more superficial and top part of the skin as a category is called the _______

A

epidermis

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7
Q

The layers of the epidermis are?

A

The ones from beautiful skin gets loving care

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8
Q

The epidermis is composed of what type of epithelium?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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9
Q

The epidermis is composed primairly of what type of cell?

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

What are the living layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum

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11
Q

What are the dead keratinocyte layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum lucidum and stratum corneum

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12
Q

The dermis consists of what type of tissue?

A

Dense, irregular CT

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13
Q

What type of cells make up the stratum basale?

A

Single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells and attaches to the basement membrane

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14
Q

T/F: the sratum basale contains sensory nerve endings for sensing pain and temperature

A

True

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15
Q

The stratum basale contains what three cell types?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells

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16
Q

divide to regenerate new cells, replace old cells shed at the surface

A

Keratinocytes

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17
Q

produce & store melanin in response to UV light, transfer pigment granules into keratinocytes, accumulate around
nucleus of keratinocytes, shield nuclear DNA from UV radiation, responsible for the darker tones of skin

A

Melanocytes

18
Q

(Merkel cells) are sensitive to touch, when compressed, release chemicals to stimulate sensory nerve endings

A

Tactile cells

19
Q

Daughter cells from stratum basale pushed into this layer to become specialized, non-dividing keratinocytes, some in deepest level still dividing cells

A

Stratum spinosum

20
Q

T/F: the sratum spinosum contains sensory nerve endings for sensing pain and temperature

A

True

21
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains Langerhans cells?

A

Stratum spinosum

22
Q

– immune cells that help initiate immune response

– responsive to pathogens and epidermal cancer cells

A

Epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) that live in the stratum spinosum

23
Q

Which layer of the epidermis has 3-5 layers of keratinocytes

A

Stratum granulosum

24
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is the first layer of keratinzation?

A

Stratum granulosum

25
Q

– process where keratinocytes fill with keratin
– causes nucleus and organelles to disintegrate
– fully keratinized cells are dead but structurally sound – process not complete until more superficial layers

A

First layer of keratinzation

26
Q

Which layer of the epidermis has 2-3 layers of keratinocytes

A

Stratum lucidum

27
Q

This layer of epidermis is only found on the palms and shoes and is referred to as the “clear layer”

A

Stratum lucidum

28
Q

Why does the stratum lucidim appear clear? What protein is responsible for this?

A

• Appears translucent because keratinocytes are filled with a translucent
protein, eleidin (intermediate product in keratin maturation)

29
Q

Which layer of skin is the horn-like layer and that does not have a nucleus?

A

Stratum corneum

30
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is anucleate

A

Stratum corneum

31
Q

What layer of the epidermis is this talking about?

• Migration of of keratinocytes to stratum corneum takes 2 weeks, the cells remain in stratum corneum another two weeks, then shed
• Surface unsuitable for the growth of many microorganisms
– secretions of exocrine glands also helping prevent growth

A

Stratum corneum

32
Q

Which type of skin is on the palms of hands, soles of feet, surfaces of fingers, toes

A

Thick skin

33
Q

Which layer of skin as all five epidermal strata

A

Thick skin

34
Q

Which layer of skin has sweat glands, but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

A

Thick skin

35
Q

This skin is 0.4 to 0.6 mm thick

A

Thick skin

36
Q

This layer of skin lacks a stratum lucidum

A

Thin skin

37
Q

This type of skin has sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands

A

Thin skin

38
Q

This type of skin is from 0.075 to 0.150 mm thick

A

Think skin

39
Q

Where do we get the red tint in our skin from?

A
  • Reddish tint due to the presence of hemoglobin in blood vessels in dermis
  • Hemoglobin is an oxygen binding compound present in red blood cells
  • More visible if blood vessels dilate (vasodilation)
40
Q

Where do we get the tan tint in our skin from?

A
  • black, brown, tan, yellow-brown shades
  • Pigment produced and stored in melanocytes, transferred to keratinocytes of stratum basale
  • Amount in skin varies according to heredity and light exposure (UV light stimulates production of melanin)
  • All people with same number of melanocytes
  • Activity and color varying among individuals, darker skinned people produce more and darker colored melanin
41
Q

Describe the mechanism of a sun tan

A
  1. UV light damages the DNA in a keratinocyte
  2. Damaged cell stimulates p53
  3. p53 produced PCOM
  4. PCOM produces alpha-MSH and B-endorphins
    * *beta endorphins make us feel good in the sun
  5. alpha MSH stimulates MC1R on the melanocyte
  6. Liberation of cAMP
  7. cAMP goes into DNA and stimulates MITF (melanin inducing factor)
  8. Result = increased pigment production

Pathophys Ex 1 (4 decks)

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