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Patho > Integumentary/Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Integumentary/Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular Birthmarks

A

from blood vessels that have not formed correctly, are proliferating, or dilated.

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2
Q

Macular stains

A

salmon patch, angel kiss, stork bite: faint red mark on forehead, eyelid, posterior neck, nose, upper lip or posterior head.

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3
Q

Hemangiomas

A

strawberries: bright red papule, plaque or nodule of extra blood vessels

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4
Q

Port-wine stain

A

discoloration that looks like red wine spilled on an area. Usually on the face, neck, arms and legs. Typically grow as the child grows. Can darken and thicken over time.

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5
Q

Pigmented Birthmarks

A

cluster of pigmented cells that cause color in skin. Vary in color.

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6
Q

Café au lait

A

the color of coffee with milk, appear anywhere on the body and can increase in number as the child gets older.

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7
Q

Mongolian spots

A

flat bluish-gray patches on the lower back or buttocks, common in those with darker complexions.

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8
Q

Mole (nevi)

A

Large congenital nevi are more likely to develop into skin cancer and should be monitored.

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9
Q

Albinism

A

a condition that results in little to no melanin production. Affects skin, hair and iris of eyes.

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10
Q

Vitiligo

A

small patchy areas of hypopigmentation, melanocytes die or no longer form melanin.

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11
Q

Intrinsic aging

A

skin changes that are caused by the body’s natural aging process

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12
Q

Extrinsic aging

A

skin changes that are caused by exposure to environmental stressors.

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13
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

triggered by allergen
type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity

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14
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

(eczema)
chronic inflammatory
elevated IgE
can be accompanied by asthma and allergic rhinitis

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15
Q

Urticaria

A

(hives)
type 1 cell-mediated hypersensitivity
often triggered by food or medication

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16
Q

Psoriasis

A

chronic, inflammatory that affects the life cycle of the skin cells, specifically keratinocytes. Cells proliferate quickly and cause thickening of the dermis and epidermis.

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17
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

Pores are clogged with oil, debris or bacteria

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18
Q

Rosacea

A

More prevalent in fair-skin women.

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19
Q

First degree burn

A

superficial partial thickness
epidermis layer only
pain, erythema, edema
example: sunburn

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20
Q

Second degree burn

A

deep partial thickness
epidermis and part of the dermis
pain, erythema, edema, blistering

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21
Q

Third degree burn

A

full thickness
complete loss of all layers of skin
white or black charred skin that can be numb

22
Q

Stage 1 pressure ulcer

A

intact skin
red, warm edema, hard, pain, non blanchable

23
Q

Stage 2 pressure ulcer

A

loss of dermis
shallow open ulcer

24
Q

Stage 3 pressure ulcer

A

full thickness
skin loss, subcutaneous fat may be visible

25
Q

Stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

exposed bone, tendon, or muscle

26
Q

Periosteum

A

layer of connective tissue that covers compact bone surfaces.

27
Q

Synovial joints

A

most common
freely moveable

28
Q

Amphiarthroses joints

A

slightly moveable
found in the vertebral column

29
Q

Synarthroses joints

A

immoveable
found in the skull

30
Q

skeletal muscles

A

voluntary muscles that connect to bone

31
Q

smooth muscles

A

involuntary muscles that line walls of hollow organs and tubes; found in the eyes, skin, and glands

32
Q

cardiac muscle

A

an involuntary muscle that comprises the heart

33
Q

simple fracture

A

a single break with bone ends maintaining their alignment and position

34
Q

complete fracture

A

broken into two or more separate pieces

35
Q

incomplete fracture

A

partially broken

36
Q

open fracture/compound fracture

A

skin is broke, and bone fragments or edges may be angled and protrude out of the skin. causes more damage to soft tissue and increases risk for infection

37
Q

closed fracture

A

skin is intact

38
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

a serious condition that results from increased pressure in a compartment, usually the muscle fascia in the case of fractures (pain and tissue damage)

39
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone tissue

40
Q

osteonecrosis/avascular necrosis

A

death of bone tissue due to loss of blood supply

41
Q

Fat embolism

A

fat enters the bloodstream, usually after a long bone fracture

42
Q

Dislocations

A

separation of two bones at a joint

43
Q

Sprains

A

injury to a ligament that often involves stretching or tearing of the ligament

44
Q

Strains

A

injury to a muscle or tendon that often involves stretching or tearing of the muscle or tendon

45
Q

Herniated intervertebral disk

A

protrusion of the nucleus pulpous through the annulus fibrosis.

46
Q

osteoporosis

A

imbalance of bone reabsorption and bone formation
can occur due to multiple mechanisms that interact to either decrease in osteoblast activity or increase in osteoclast activity

47
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degenerative joint disease characterized by local deterioration or articulating cartilage

48
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

systemic, autoimmune condition involving multiple joints

49
Q

gout

A

inflammatory disease resulting from deposits or uric acid crystals in tissues and fluids

50
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

progressive inflammatory disorder affecting the sacroiliac joints, intervertebral spaces, and costovertebral joints

51
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

syndrome predominately characterized by widespread muscular pains and fatigue
does not affect joints

52
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

decreased amount of collagen in the bones

Patho (3 decks)

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