GI/GU Flashcards
Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate
Relatively common congenital defect present at birth.
Associated with genetic mutations, maternal diabetes, drugs, alcohol, smoking, toxins, viruses, & vitamin deficiencies.
Esophageal Atresia
Incomplete formation of the esophagus.
Fairly common and often associated with other congenital malformations.
Pyloric Stenosis
A narrowing and obstruction of the pyloric sphincter
Muscle fibers become thick and stiff making it hard for the stomach to empty
Dysphagia
Difficulty Swallowing
Usually secondary to a condition that causes mechanical obstruction of the esophagus or impaired esophageal motility.
Hiatal Hernia
A section of the stomach protrudes upward through an opening (Hiatus) in the diaphragm toward the thoracic cavity.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Chyme or bile backs up in the esophagus irritating mucosa.
Eventually the LES relaxes abnormally or weakens.
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach’s mucosal lining
Peptic Ulcers
Erosive lesions affecting the muscularis mucosa of the stomach or duodenum. Develop because of an imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms.
Cholelithiasis
Common in both men and women.
Stones of varying size and shape form in the gallbladder.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis
Chronic, Progressive, Irreversible, Diffuse damage to the liver resulting in decreased liver function. Regenerative nodules surrendered by fibrotic bands develop.
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
croh’s disease
Insidious, slow-developing, progressive
Characterized by patchy areas of inflammation involving the full thickness of the intestine -skip lesions
Form fissures divided by nodules
Entire wall becomes thick and rigid, intestine becomes narrow and potentially blocked.
Granulomas develop
The intestinal wall is no longer able to digest and absorb.
