Integumentary, fascia, bursae

Question 1

layers of the skin

Answer 1

1. Epidermis = keratinized epithelium Avascular, no lymphatics Some nerve terminals 2. Dermis= interlacing collagen and elastic fibers. Contain hair follicles, arrector muscle, and sebaceous glands. 3. Subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia): composed mostly of loose connective tissue and stored fat, sweat glands, superficial blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and cutaneous nerves. 4. Deep fascia

Question 2

skin ligament?

Answer 2

Skin ligaments= fibrous bands extending through the superficial fascia, attaches the dermis w/ deep fascia. Region where long and sparse skin ligament loose skin (dorsum of hand), where short and abundant skin firmly attached to the deep fascia (palm and sole). In breast, skin ligament well developed into suspensory ligament.

Question 3

in which layer of integumentary mammary gland located?

Answer 3

Mammary gland located in superficial fascia, which has loose, irregular arrangement Normal: easy to move around the superficial fascia sign of breast cancer: breast cancer cells metastasize from superficial to deep fascia, and adhere to the deeper fascia cancer breast loses its mobility

Question 4

Component of deep fascia?

Answer 4

Deep fascia (thick, tough, white glossy) : dense connective tissue in regular arrangement

Question 5

Types of extension of deep fascia (deep fascia extends centrally)

Answer 5

1>Deep fascia can extend centrally and to invest indiv. muscles and neurovascular bundles = investing fascia 2>Specially in the limbs, groups of muscles w/ similar fxns and sharing the same nerve supply stay in the same compartments, separated by thick intermuscular septa. 3>Lie b/w musculoskeletal wall and the serous membrane lining body cavity = subserous fascia 4>Deep fascia thickens near joints of ankle and wrist called reticulum to hold tendons in place during flexion and extension prevent bowstringing of tendon during movements

Question 6

Bursae=?

Answer 6

Bursae = close sac or envelopes of serous membrane (delicate connective tissue membrane capable of secreting fluid to lubricate the internal smooth surface)that are emptied except for a thin layer of lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane. This forms a potential space; however, when filled w/ excessive secreted fluid realized space pathology

Question 7

Types of bursae

Answer 7

1>subcutaneous bursae occurs in the subcutaneous tissue b/w skin and bony prominence. 2>Subfascial bursae lie beneath the deep fascia 3>Subtendoneous bursae facilitates the movement of tendon over bone 4>Synovial tendon sheath= specialized type of elongated bursae that wraps around tendons.

Question 8

Types of cartilage

Answer 8

Hyaline (surfaces of most bones) Fibrocartilage (menisci of knee & head of the mandible) Elastic (external ear)

Question 9

Fibrocartilage’s component

Answer 9

:mix b/w deep fascia and collagen cartilage, subject to wear and tear, tougher (e.g: intervertebral disc, meniscis)

Question 10

Investing fascia

Answer 10

Deep fascia can extend centrally and to invest indiv. muscles and neurovascular bundles = investing fascia

Question 11

Intermuscular fascia

Answer 11

Especially in the limbs, groups of muscles w/ similar fxns and sharing the same nerve supply stay in the same compartments, separated by thick intermuscular septa.

Question 12

Subserous fascia

Answer 12

Lie b/w musculoskeletal wall and the serous membrane lining body cavity

Question 13

Reticulum

Answer 13

Deep fascia thickens near joints of ankle and wrist called reticulum to hold tendons in place during flexion and extension prevent bowstringing of tendon during movements