Integumentary and Skeletal Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?
i. Protection
ii. Body temp regulation
iii. Excretion
iv. Production of Vitamin D
v. Sensory reception
what are the 4 cells of the epidermis
(hint: 2 cytes, 2 cells)
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel Cells
Dendritic cells
what cell is the most abundant epidermal cell and filled with keratin?
Keratinocytes
what epidermal cell produces melanin?
Melanocytes
what epidermal cells act as touch receptors?
Merkel Cells
these epidermal cells are star-shaped and act as phagocytes (they engulf and ingest foreign particles)
Dendritic cells
what are the 5 layers of the Epidermis?
(BS GLC)
Basal Layer
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
The basal layer consists of one layer of (—–) cells
Cuboidal
The basal layer is virtually the only layer that engages in cell (——)
division
the basal layer (——-) the layers above it
produces
the cells of the Stratum Spinosum are (——) at the edges
Spiny
the Stratum Granulosum has granules filled with (——) precursor and (——–) for water proofing
Keratin, Glycolipid
The Stratum Corneum consists mostly of dead (——–)
Keratinocytes
The Stratum Lucidum is found in areas of very (—–) skin
thick
What are the 2 layers of the Dermis?
Reticular & Papillary
This layer of the dermis is the deepest, consists of Dense Irregular Tissue and contains glands and blood vessels
Reticular
This layer of the Dermis consists of Areolar Tissue and forms raised areas called Papillae
Papillary
The Reticular layer is (–)% of the Dermis and the Papillary layer is (–)% of the Dermis?
Reticular = 80%
Papillary = 20%
The Hypodermis consists of (—-) and (——) tissue
adipose and areolar tissue
What are the 5 glands of the dermis
Sebaceous
Eccrine
Apocrine
Ceruminous
Mammary
The Sebaceous Gland is associated with hair (——-) and secretes a (——-) material that coats hair shafts
hair follicles
fatty material
The Eccrine Gland are called ‘True (—-) Glands’ and secrete (—-) sweat
True Sweat Glands
secrete true sweat
The Apocrine Gland is found in the ancillary, anal and (—–) areas and secretes a fatty sweat that may act as a (——-)
Found in the ancillary, anal and genital areas
secretes fatty sweat = pheromone
the mammary gland secretes (—–) to feed infants
milk
what are the 5 functions of bones?
i. Support
ii. Movement
iii. Protection
iv. Mineral storage
v. Blood cell formation
what are the 4 bone cells?
Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
this bone cell differentiates into osteoblasts
Osteogenic cells
this bone cell produces bone matrix
Osteoblasts
This bone cell maintains bone matrix
Osteocytes
This bone cell breaks down bone matrix
Osteoclasts
what are the 2 types of bone tissue
Compact Bone
Spongy bone
what is the basic unit of compact bone
Osteon
In compact bone this contains blood vessels
Haversian Canal
In compact bone this forms concentric rings of matrix
Lamellae
in compact bone these cavities have osteocytes
Lacunae
in compact bone these tiny canals provide osteocytes with nutrients
Canaliculi
in spongy bone, this consists of lamellae and osteocytes
Trabeculae
in spongy bone, this contains bone marrow
Marrow Spaces
The 4 classification of bones are:
Long Bones
Short Bones
Flat bones
Irregular Bones
this type of Bone Projection is large, rounded, usually roughened
Tuberosity
This type of Bone Projection is a narrow ridge, usually prominent
Crest
This type of Bone Projection is large, blunt process, irregularly shaped, found only in the femur
Trochanter
This Bone Projection is narrow ridge, less prominent than a crest
Line
This Bone Projection is a small rounded process or projection
Tubercle
This Bone Projection is rounded articular projection, usually articulating with a fossa
Condyle
This Bone Projection is a raised area above a condyle
Epicondyle
This Bone Projection is sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Spine
This Bone Projection is a bony expansion on a narrow neck
Head
This Bone Projection is smooth nearly flat articular process
Facet
How many types of Bone Projections are there?
10
how many types of bone depressions and openings are there?
7
This type of Bone Opening is round or oval shaped
Foramen
This type of Bone Depression is a furrow (meaning trench-like depression)
Groove
This type of Bone Opening is a narrow slit-like opening
Fissure
This type of Bone Depression has an indentation at the edge of bone
Notch
This type of Bone Depression is a shallow depression that articulates with a condyle
Fossa
This type of Bone Opening is a canal-like passageway
Meatus
This type of Bone Opening/Depression is a cavity within a bone
Sinus
