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Syst Path 600 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial bacterial infection of the skin.

Characterized by itchy, superficial pustules that rupture and leave behind honey-coloured scabs

Easily spread.

Commonly found on kids (faces, arms, legs)

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2
Q

What causes impetigo?

A

Streptococci or S.aureus

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3
Q

Cellulitis

A

Localized bacterial infection of the deeper layers of the skin

Characterized locally by swelling, tenderness, warmth, redness; possible bruising and blisters.

May develop systemic symptoms (fever, chills, HA)

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4
Q

Cause of cellulitis

A

Streptococcus, sometimes staphylococcus

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5
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation of the hair follicle.

Bacteria enters hair shaft, pus develops, follicle becomes irritated and red.

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6
Q

Cause of folliculitis

A

Usually S. aureus

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7
Q

What happens when folliculitis spreads into perifollicular tissue?

A

Faruncle develops

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8
Q

Erysipelas

A

Bacterial infection of the skin. More superficial than cellulitis but clinical similar.
Characterized by shiny, red, slightly swollen rash, often with small blisters.

Local lymph nodes may be inflamed.

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9
Q

Faruncles

A

AKA boils

Large tender swollen area caused by folliculitis spreading into perifollicular area.

Usually has pus in centre; commonly found on neck, face, breast, buttocks.

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10
Q

Furunculosis

A

Persistent, recurrent faruncles

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11
Q

Carbuncle

A

When more than 1 hair follicle inflamed and original abscess enlarges

Characterized by one large abscess or a cluster of faruncles.

Commonly on neck, more common in men. Can lead to systemic symptoms (fatigue, fever)

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12
Q

Hiradenitis Suppurativa

A

Chronic, scarring inflammation of the apocrine (sweat) glands.

Axillae, ground, around nipples, anus.

Swollen, tender masses resembling cutaneous abscesses; may present as cord-like fibrotic band. Possible pain and foul odour.

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13
Q

Hiradenitis Suppurativa: cause

A

S. aureus, but can also result from Proteus infection

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14
Q

Fungal Pathogens

A

Live in superficial, dead skin. Cause no inflammation.

Like it moist and warm.

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15
Q

Ringworm

A

Common fungal infection of the skin

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16
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Ringworm of the feet (Athlete’s foot)

Mild scaling, possibly itchy. Can cause skin to crack in severe cases (possibly leading to bacterial infections)

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17
Q

Tinea unguium

A

Ringworm of the nail (most often toenails)

Gets into newly forming part of nail –> thickened, deformed nail.

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18
Q

Tinea Corporis

A

Ringworm of the body

Red circular rings, clear in the centre.

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19
Q

Round rashes can be characteristic of:

A

Tinea corporis (circular rings, clear in centre)

Tinea cruris (Red, ring-like areas, sometimes blistered. Itchy and painful)

Erythema multiforme (red, raised rings that look like targets; symmetrical distribution over body)

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20
Q

Tinae cruris

A

Ringworm of the groin (jock itch)

Red, ring-like areas, sometimes blistered. Itchy and painful

21
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Ringworm of the scalp

Highly contagious.

Red scaly rash, or patch of hair loss without rash

22
Q

Candiasis

A

Yeast infection by Candidas

Usually skin and/or mucous membranes

Infection often indicates some sort of immune issues

23
Q

Vaginal candida infection

A

Common yeast infection.

Discharge (yellow or white); burning, itching and redness.

24
Q

Penile candida infection

A

Affects men with diabetes or with infected partners.

Red, scaling rash on underside of penis. Occasionally painful

25
Q

Thrush

A

Yeast infection inside mouth.

Creamy white patches cling to tongue and side of mouth. Often painful.
Healthy kids, immunocompromised adults

26
Q

Scabies

A

Parasitic infection of the skin.
Mites.

Highly infectious

Tiny reddish pimples; severe itching; burrow trails

27
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice

Head
Body (larger)
Pubic (crabs)

Severe itching. If scratching breaks skin, may lead to bacterial infection.

28
Q

Warts

A

Caused by HPV
Easily spread from area to area, but not so easily from person to person (except genital)

Treated with salicylic acid, lactic acid, liquid nitrogen
Classified by position and shape

29
Q

Verruca vulgaris

A

Common warts

Firm, rough surface, round or irregular
Grayish, yellow or brown
Less than 1/2 inch

Fingers, nails, knees, face and scalp

30
Q

Plantar warts

A

Sole of foot.

Flattened by walking.
Often extremely tender and can bleed from many points when cut.

31
Q

Flat warts

A

Groups of smooth yellow-brown spots, most frequently on the face.

More common in children and young adults

32
Q

Venereal/Genital Warts

A

Highly contagious.

Can become cancerous (HPV 16, 18, 30)

33
Q

Rubeola

A

Measles

Highly contagious viral infection

Systemic symptoms appear 7-14 days after infection.
Runny nose, fever, sore throat, cough, red eues, rash, Koplik’s spots

Rash begins around ears and neck (irregular, red, raised), spreads to trunk and limbs

34
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

Tiny white spots inside mouth. Measles

35
Q

Infections of the mouth

A

Koplik’s spots (tiny white spots – measles)

Thrush (yeast infection)

36
Q

Rubella

A

German measles

Infectious 7 days before and 7 days after rash

Ill, swollen lymph nodes in neck and back of head, joint pain.
Mild rash on face and neck, spreads to trunk, limbs

Can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, severe birth defects

37
Q

Chicken Pox

A

Caused by varicella zoster virus

Highly contagious
Itchy rash, clusters of small spots (flat or raised), fluid filled blisters and crusting

38
Q

Shingles

A

Caused by varicella zoster virus; has remained dormant in ganglia

Painful eruption of fluid-filled blisters, usually alongs dermatome.
Also malaise, fever, nausea, trots, difficulty urinating

39
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus

A

Recurring episodes of small, painful, fluid-filled blisters surrounded by reddish rim on skin or mucus membranes.

HSV 1 – above the belt
HSV 2 – below the belt

Virus remains dormant in sensory ganglia
Can be present and active even when not symptomatic

40
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

Garden variety acne

Obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units

Inflammatory or noninflammatory

41
Q

Acne vulgaris: Pathogenesis

A

Androgens –> sebum production
Hyperkeratosis blocks sebum discharge
Bacteria move in
Fat of sebum broken down into glycerin + free fatty acids (which irritate lining of pore) –> inflammation

42
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Thickening of the stratum corneum

43
Q

Comedo

A

Clogged hair follicle

Closed – whitehead
Open – blackhead

44
Q

Papule

A

Red lesion 2-5 mm. Solid, elevated.

Indicates a relatively deep inflammation

45
Q

Pustule

A

Red lesion 2-5 mm; filled with pus.

More superficial inflammation

46
Q

Nodules

A

Larger (5+ mm), deeper and more solid papules.

47
Q

Cysts

A

Suppurative nodules. Closed sac containing liquid or semisolid material.

48
Q

Cystic Acne

A

Can lead to scarring (“icepick scars”, hypertrophic scars, larger, deep depressions)

49
Q

Bacteria associated with acne vulgaris

A

Propionibacterium acnes

Syst Path 600 (5 decks)

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