Integumentary Flashcards
Impetigo
Superficial bacterial infection of the skin.
Characterized by itchy, superficial pustules that rupture and leave behind honey-coloured scabs
Easily spread.
Commonly found on kids (faces, arms, legs)
What causes impetigo?
Streptococci or S.aureus
Cellulitis
Localized bacterial infection of the deeper layers of the skin
Characterized locally by swelling, tenderness, warmth, redness; possible bruising and blisters.
May develop systemic symptoms (fever, chills, HA)
Cause of cellulitis
Streptococcus, sometimes staphylococcus
Folliculitis
Inflammation of the hair follicle.
Bacteria enters hair shaft, pus develops, follicle becomes irritated and red.
Cause of folliculitis
Usually S. aureus
What happens when folliculitis spreads into perifollicular tissue?
Faruncle develops
Erysipelas
Bacterial infection of the skin. More superficial than cellulitis but clinical similar.
Characterized by shiny, red, slightly swollen rash, often with small blisters.
Local lymph nodes may be inflamed.
Faruncles
AKA boils
Large tender swollen area caused by folliculitis spreading into perifollicular area.
Usually has pus in centre; commonly found on neck, face, breast, buttocks.
Furunculosis
Persistent, recurrent faruncles
Carbuncle
When more than 1 hair follicle inflamed and original abscess enlarges
Characterized by one large abscess or a cluster of faruncles.
Commonly on neck, more common in men. Can lead to systemic symptoms (fatigue, fever)
Hiradenitis Suppurativa
Chronic, scarring inflammation of the apocrine (sweat) glands.
Axillae, ground, around nipples, anus.
Swollen, tender masses resembling cutaneous abscesses; may present as cord-like fibrotic band. Possible pain and foul odour.
Hiradenitis Suppurativa: cause
S. aureus, but can also result from Proteus infection
Fungal Pathogens
Live in superficial, dead skin. Cause no inflammation.
Like it moist and warm.
Ringworm
Common fungal infection of the skin
Tinea pedis
Ringworm of the feet (Athlete’s foot)
Mild scaling, possibly itchy. Can cause skin to crack in severe cases (possibly leading to bacterial infections)
Tinea unguium
Ringworm of the nail (most often toenails)
Gets into newly forming part of nail –> thickened, deformed nail.
Tinea Corporis
Ringworm of the body
Red circular rings, clear in the centre.
Round rashes can be characteristic of:
Tinea corporis (circular rings, clear in centre)
Tinea cruris (Red, ring-like areas, sometimes blistered. Itchy and painful)
Erythema multiforme (red, raised rings that look like targets; symmetrical distribution over body)
Tinae cruris
Ringworm of the groin (jock itch)
Red, ring-like areas, sometimes blistered. Itchy and painful
Tinea capitis
Ringworm of the scalp
Highly contagious.
Red scaly rash, or patch of hair loss without rash
Candiasis
Yeast infection by Candidas
Usually skin and/or mucous membranes
Infection often indicates some sort of immune issues
Vaginal candida infection
Common yeast infection.
Discharge (yellow or white); burning, itching and redness.
Penile candida infection
Affects men with diabetes or with infected partners.
Red, scaling rash on underside of penis. Occasionally painful
Thrush
Yeast infection inside mouth.
Creamy white patches cling to tongue and side of mouth. Often painful.
Healthy kids, immunocompromised adults
Scabies
Parasitic infection of the skin.
Mites.
Highly infectious
Tiny reddish pimples; severe itching; burrow trails
Pediculosis
Lice
Head
Body (larger)
Pubic (crabs)
Severe itching. If scratching breaks skin, may lead to bacterial infection.
Warts
Caused by HPV
Easily spread from area to area, but not so easily from person to person (except genital)
Treated with salicylic acid, lactic acid, liquid nitrogen
Classified by position and shape
Verruca vulgaris
Common warts
Firm, rough surface, round or irregular
Grayish, yellow or brown
Less than 1/2 inch
Fingers, nails, knees, face and scalp
Plantar warts
Sole of foot.
Flattened by walking.
Often extremely tender and can bleed from many points when cut.
Flat warts
Groups of smooth yellow-brown spots, most frequently on the face.
More common in children and young adults
Venereal/Genital Warts
Highly contagious.
Can become cancerous (HPV 16, 18, 30)
Rubeola
Measles
Highly contagious viral infection
Systemic symptoms appear 7-14 days after infection.
Runny nose, fever, sore throat, cough, red eues, rash, Koplik’s spots
Rash begins around ears and neck (irregular, red, raised), spreads to trunk and limbs
Koplik’s spots
Tiny white spots inside mouth. Measles
Infections of the mouth
Koplik’s spots (tiny white spots – measles)
Thrush (yeast infection)
Rubella
German measles
Infectious 7 days before and 7 days after rash
Ill, swollen lymph nodes in neck and back of head, joint pain.
Mild rash on face and neck, spreads to trunk, limbs
Can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, severe birth defects
Chicken Pox
Caused by varicella zoster virus
Highly contagious
Itchy rash, clusters of small spots (flat or raised), fluid filled blisters and crusting
Shingles
Caused by varicella zoster virus; has remained dormant in ganglia
Painful eruption of fluid-filled blisters, usually alongs dermatome.
Also malaise, fever, nausea, trots, difficulty urinating
Herpes Simplex Virus
Recurring episodes of small, painful, fluid-filled blisters surrounded by reddish rim on skin or mucus membranes.
HSV 1 – above the belt
HSV 2 – below the belt
Virus remains dormant in sensory ganglia
Can be present and active even when not symptomatic
Acne Vulgaris
Garden variety acne
Obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units
Inflammatory or noninflammatory
Acne vulgaris: Pathogenesis
Androgens –> sebum production
Hyperkeratosis blocks sebum discharge
Bacteria move in
Fat of sebum broken down into glycerin + free fatty acids (which irritate lining of pore) –> inflammation
Hyperkeratosis
Thickening of the stratum corneum
Comedo
Clogged hair follicle
Closed – whitehead
Open – blackhead
Papule
Red lesion 2-5 mm. Solid, elevated.
Indicates a relatively deep inflammation
Pustule
Red lesion 2-5 mm; filled with pus.
More superficial inflammation
Nodules
Larger (5+ mm), deeper and more solid papules.
Cysts
Suppurative nodules. Closed sac containing liquid or semisolid material.
Cystic Acne
Can lead to scarring (“icepick scars”, hypertrophic scars, larger, deep depressions)
Bacteria associated with acne vulgaris
Propionibacterium acnes
