Integumentary

Question 1

Functions of integument

Answer 1

protective covering

regulation of body heat

housing of sensory receptors

synthesis of vitamin D

excretion of waste through perspiration

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

most superficial layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

the four cell types in the epidermis

Answer 3

kartinocytes; makes keratin

melanocytes; makes melanin

(langerhans) dendritic cells; immune cells

merkel cells (discs); type 1 tactile mechanoreceptors

Question 4

stratum basale

Answer 4

deepest layer highly mitotic

Question 5

stratum spinosum

Answer 5

mitotic only in deepest layers; begins synth of keratin

Question 6

stratum germinativum

Answer 6

stratum basale+stratum spinosum

Question 7

stratum granulosum

Answer 7

flattened cells filling up with keratin

Question 8

stratum lucidum

Answer 8

present only in thick skin

Question 9

stratum corneum

Answer 9

20-30 layers of flattened keratinized dead cells

Question 10

dermis

Answer 10

connective tissue, houses muscles fibers, blood vessels, hair follicles, exocrine glands, and nerve fibers

Question 11

papillary layer

Answer 11

loose C.T. directly deep to epidermis

is ridged due to pulling of elastic fibers (fingerprints)

Question 12

reticular layer

Answer 12

dense irregular C.T. just deep to papillary layer

stretchable and resilient; makes stretch marks

Question 13

subcutaneous layer

Answer 13

adipose tissue and loose C.T. with blood vessels

binds skin to underlying organs

Question 14

purpose of adipose in subcutaneous layer

Answer 14

heat insulator and energy resevoir

holds body heat steady or releases it

distribution of adipose varies through body and sexes (women with more)

thickness of layer can indicate nutrtion

Question 15

pink skin color

Answer 15

blood flow in dermis and subcutaneous layer

Question 16

yellow skin color

Answer 16

carotene; yellowish pigment through diet

an increased amount of keratin in stratum corneum-common in Eastern asia people

Question 17

brown skin color

Answer 17

melanin in stratum basale-coloration varies on concentration of melanin

Question 18

freckles

Answer 18

small patches of concentrated melanin

Question 19

function of skin coloration

Answer 19

ages and sex differences

darker skin tones found in areas of high sunlight

lighter skin tones in areas of low sunlight

Question 20

dark skin tones protect against …

Answer 20

damage from UVR

melanin absorbs UVR and prevents it from reaching mitotic cells in dermis and stratum germinativum

a thicker stratum cornuem prevents UVR from reaching mitotic cells

Question 21

hair and the hair follicle

Answer 21

resides in the dermis and subcutaneous layer, but originates from the epidermis

hair present on nearly all skin surfaces

serves for protection and identification

Question 22

follicle

Answer 22

tube-like; protrudes into dermis and houses one hair

Question 23

bulb of hair

Answer 23

zone of active cells at base of hair

Question 24

root of hair

Answer 24

column of flattened dead keratinized cells in follice

Question 25

shaft of hair

Answer 25

column of flattened dead keratinized cells external to skin

Question 26

the root and shaft are made up of a ….

Answer 26

medulla (inner core), cortex (middle section), and cuticle (outer portion)

Question 27

goose bumps

Answer 27

arrector pilli is attached to follice surface and dermis

contraction of muscle causes hair to straighten in response to cold or sudden fear or threat situations

Question 28

dark hair

Answer 28

high concentration of melanin

Question 29

light brown hair

Answer 29

moderate amount of melanin

Question 30

blond hair

Answer 30

little melanin

Question 31

white hair

Answer 31

no melanin

Question 32

gray hair

Answer 32

mix of unpigmented and pigmented hairs

Question 33

red hair

Answer 33

pigment containing iron

Question 34

texture of hair

Answer 34

depends on shape and size of follice

Question 35

areas of dense hair concentraiton

Answer 35

the scalp, face, axilla, and pubic areas

men tend to have noticeable hair on back, chest, abdomen, chest, limbs, and face

Question 36

Hairest and least hairest populations

Answer 36

europeans hairiest and East asians and amerindians are least hairy

Question 37

nail plate

Answer 37

moded hardened stratum conreum

has nail root, body and free edge

Question 38

nail bed

Answer 38

just deep to nail plate; continuous with stratum basale and spinosum of surrounding epidermis

Question 39

lunula of nail

Answer 39

part of nail plate; half moon region at proximal end of nail plate

Question 40

function of nails

Answer 40

protection and facilitation of dexterity